Soil physical disturbance reduces maize growth, nutrition, and mycorrhiza formation in a green manure rotation with vetch

Green manure is a promising, at least partial, substitution for chemical fertilizer in agriculture, especially for nitrogen (N), which in soil can be radically changed by exogenous input. However, it is not well understood how, after green manure incorporation, soil N changes coordinate with crop N uptake and consequently contribute to fertilizer reduction in a maize–green manure rotation. A four-year field study was performed consisting of (1) control, no fertilization; (2) F100, recommended inorganic fertilization alone; (3) G, green manure incorporation alone; (4) F70 + G (70% of F100 plus G); (5) F85 + G; and (6) F100 + G. The results show that treatments with 15–30% reduction of inorganic fertilizer (i.e., F70 + G and F85 + G) had similar grain yield, dry matter (DM) accumulation, and N uptake as F100 treatment. F100 + G maize had 17% greater DM and 15% more N uptake at maturity relative to F100. Of the five soil N fractions examined, dissolved organic N (DON) and mineral N (Nmin) explained over 70% of the variation of maize DM and N accumulation. Partial least squares path modeling further revealed that soil N fractions had positive indirect effects on DM production through N uptake, which might be coordinated with improved DON and Nmin status at both early and mid-late stages of maize growth. Overall, the results highlight enhanced maize production with reduced fertilizer inputs based on green manure incorporation in temperate regions.

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Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4641054 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 222-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽

Anastácia Fontanetti ◽

Marcio Roberto Soares ◽

Francisco José da Silva Neto ◽

Alexandre Gonçalves Próspero

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Green Manures ◽

Organic System ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Maize Growth ◽

Maize Straw ◽

Calopogonium Mucunoides

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.

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Mycorrhiza formation on Norway spruce (Picea abies) roots affects the pathway of anaplerotic CO2 fixation

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.960421.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 699-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Astrid Wingler ◽

Thomas Wallenda ◽

Rudiger Hampp

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Co2 Fixation ◽

Mycorrhiza Formation

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Antifungal nanoparticles boost maize growth

Nature India ◽

10.1038/nindia.2016.150 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Maize Growth

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Effects of green manure plants, grown as second crops, on soil status parameters in unfavourable locations

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.1.7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Péter Mikó ◽

Csaba Gyuricza

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Soil Status

2005–2010 között a Szent István Egyetem Növénytermesztési és Biomasszahasznosítási Bemutató Központjában Gödöllőn másodvetésű zöldtrágyázási kísérletekben vizsgáltuk különböző zöldtrágyanövények (facélia, mustár és olajretek) hatását a talajellenállásra, a talajnedvességre, illetve a gyökérfejlődését. A 2009. száraz, és a 2010. nedves évek kivételével az átlagos évjáratokban minden zöldtrágyanövénynél szignifikánsan nagyobb talajellenállást mértünk, mint a kontrollnál. A zöldtrágyanövények gyökérzete a rövid vegetációs idő miatt csak a talaj felső rétegét hálózta be, ugyanakkor a különbség a gyökerezési mélység alatt, még a 40–50 cm-es talajrétegben is kimutatható volt. A talajnedvesség-mérés egyik évben sem mutatott statisztikai különbséget a kezelések között. Az őszi bedolgozás után tavasszal ismételten elvégzett mérések során sem a talajellenállás, sem a talajnedvesség esetében nem lehetett szignifikáns különbséget kimutatni a kezelések között. A növényborítottság miatt fellépő nagyobb talajellenállás oka, hogy a gyökérzet oldalirányú növekedésével nyomást gyakorolt a talajra. A növények bedolgozását követően a zöld növényi gyökerek gyorsan elbomlottak, a helyükön kialakuló szerkezetes talaj ellenállása pedig tavaszra megegyezett a kontrolléval. A kutatás több paraméterre kiterjedő eredményei alapján mindhárom növényfajt alkalmasnak találtuk zöldtrágyázásra, de talajba dolgozásukat csak későősszel javasoljuk, és lehetőség szerint csak tavaszi vetésű kultúra kövesse azokat.

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The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.62-68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

R. Holod ◽

О. Bilinska ◽

H. Shubala

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Water Regime ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Soil Water Regime ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Arable Farming ◽

Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

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