Evaluation of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and 26S proteasome concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diseases depending on body condition score

This study investigated the effects of maternal body condition on fetal growth. Fetal and placental parameters from Dorset ewes of body condition score 2.0 (lean, n = 5), 3.5 (moderate, n = 7) and 5.0 (fat, n = 4) at mating were studied on day 65 of gestation. The fetal weight and fetal weight:crown-rump length ratio were greater in fat ewes than in ewes of moderate condition. The raised total and mean placentome weight in fat ewes compared with ewes of moderate condition may have contributed to their increased fetal growth. However, the fetal crown-rump length was not affected. With in situ hybridization, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), -3 and -6 were all detected in the placentome capsule; IGF-II mRNA was also found in the mesoderm of the fetal villi and IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 were present in the caruncular stroma of the maternal villi. Ewes of moderate condition, which had the smallest placentae, had the greatest placental expression of IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. In the intercotyledonary endometrium, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and uterine milk protein (UTMP) mRNA were all expressed in the glandular epithelium. IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 absorbance values were lowest in the lean ewes, whereas UTMP values were highest. Maternal insulin concentrations were greater in fat ewes, whereas plasma glucose and IGF-I concentrations in the fetal compartment were lowest in fat ewes. Therefore, in obese ewes, fetal and placental growth is increased in mid-gestation in association with higher maternal insulin concentrations and lower expression of IGFBPs in the maternal placentomes. Placental and fetal development in lean ewes may be promoted by reduced IGFBP expression in the placentomes and enhanced UTMP production by the endometrial glands. The ewes of moderate condition had the smallest fetuses and placentae coupled with the highest placental expression of IGF-II and IGFBPs.

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Relationships between insulin-like growth factor-I, milk yield, body condition score, and postpartum luteal activity in high-producing dairy cows

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-010-9650-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Amin Tamadon ◽

Mojtaba Kafi ◽

Mehdi Saeb ◽

Abdolah Mirzaei ◽

Saedeh Saeb

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Factor I ◽

Condition Score ◽

Growth Factor I

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110 BARLEY SUPPLEMENTATION AT MID-GESTATION IN BROODMARES DOES NOT AFFECT FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND IS ACCOMPANIED BY MINIMAL PLACENTAL ADAPTATIONS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv27n1ab110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Robles ◽

P. Peugnet ◽

C. Dubois ◽

L. Wimel ◽

A. Tarrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Body Condition ◽

Fetal Development ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Condition Score

Modifications of maternal environment could alter fetal growth and development through the placenta and thus health in adulthood. The developmental origins of health and disease suggest that maternal nutrition during pregnancy may affect offspring development and subsequent energy metabolism. To understand the effect of common feeding practices during gestation, 24 saddlebred mares were allocated to 1 of 2 groups: group B was supplemented twice a day with barley (B) and group F was fed only with fodder (F) between month 7 of gestation and foaling. B mares maintained an optimal body condition score through gestation, with an increase in glycaemia and insulinemia after each meal and insulin resistance in month 9 of gestation. F mares lost condition as assessed by body condition score in the last part of gestation, leading to a moderate undernutrition and a transitional increase in nonesterified fatty acid plasma concentrations. Diets had no effect on feto-placental biometry or on placental structure. In contrast, an increase in microcotyledonary vessel volume was observed in F placentas, indicating placental adaptation, possibly to increase fetomaternal exchanges. There was no overall difference in the expression of genes involved in vascularization, nutrient transfer, growth, and development between placentas from B and F mares. Nevertheless, as seen in other species, sex-specific effects of maternal nutrition were observed in placentas from female foals, with differences in the expression of endogline, kinase insert domain receptor, insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor genes. This study demonstrates that breeding practices such as supplementation in concentrate at mid-gestation do not seem to affect fetal development. More work is ongoing to evaluate postnatal health.

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Plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin in relation to changes in body condition score in heifers1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/ansci/82.2.445 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 445-451

Author(s):

H. V. León ◽

J. Hernández-Cerón ◽

D. H. Keisler ◽

C. G. Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Factor I ◽

Condition Score ◽

Growth Factor I

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Pre-weaning growth of red deer calves is not determined by ability of hinds to produce milk

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an11257 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 507

Author(s):

G. K. Barrell ◽

M. Wellby ◽

M. J. Ridgway ◽

G. W. Asher ◽

J. A. Archer

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Body Condition ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Red Deer ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Other ◽

Calf Growth ◽

Condition Score ◽

Bovine Somatotrophin

Three experiments were carried out to determine whether growth of suckling red deer calves is determined by the potential of their mothers to produce milk. In the first experiment red deer hinds (n = 10, calves 6 weeks old) were treated either with bovine somatotrophin (bST, 54 mg s.c. injected every 2 weeks for 8 weeks then 108 mg every 2 weeks for a further 8 weeks) or saline. There was no effect of bST treatment on calf or hind liveweight, calf liveweight gain or body condition score of hinds. The second experiment used red and red-wapiti crossbred deer calves (n = 8–11) suckled by red deer dams that had been treated with bST or had received excipient only for 12 weeks from when the calves were 5 weeks old. Calf liveweight was affected by genotype (wapiti-red crossbreds were heavier than their red counterparts) but there was no effect of bST treatment of the hinds on calf growth in either of the genotypes. Although bST treatment of the suckled hinds elevated their plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration it had no effect on milk yield. A third experiment ruled out the possibility that bST ingested by calves in milk from treated hinds would have had any influence on growth of calves in the other experiments. From these results it is concluded that the inherent demand from suckling calves, rather than the ability of adequately nourished hinds to produce milk, determines growth rate of red deer calves from birth to weaning.

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Relationships between plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin concentrations in multiparous dairy cows with cytological endometritis

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104640 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 183 (4) ◽

pp. 126-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Merle Valdmann ◽

Jevgeni Kurykin ◽

Tanel Kaart ◽

Gret-Kristel Mällo ◽

Andres Waldmann

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Condition Score ◽

Health Complications

Cytological endometritis (CYTO) is a uterine inflammation characterised by the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in endometrial cytology. This observational study evaluated the association of blood plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin concentrations at −2 weeks prepartum, +1 week and +3 weeks postpartum with the development of CYTO in 119 multiparous Holstein cows. Overall CYTO prevalence was 30.3 per cent. Multivariable logistic regression model revealed the odds of developing CYTO were 3.54 times (P=0.018) greater in cows with week −2 prepartum IGF-1 concentrations less than 74.6 ng/ml and 4.41 times (P=0.004) higher in cows with week +1 postpartum IGF-1 concentrations less than 13.2 ng/ml than the odds of this health outcome in cows with IGF-1 concentrations at least 74.6 and13.2 ng/ml, respectively. Additionally, cows with body condition score (BCS) up to 2.75 at week −2 prepartum and cows experiencing calving-related disorders and/or ill health had higher risk for CYTO compared with cows with BCS=3.50–3.75 (OR=6.8, P=0.049) and cows without health complications (OR=3.1, P=0.030). Insulin was not a significant predictor for CYTO in the model. Our findings provide further evidence that reduced dairy cow fertility associated with low plasma concentrations of IGF-1 is in part mediated through the inflammatory status of the uterus.

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