Hydroxyl radical induced structural perturbations make insulin highly immunogenic and generate an auto-immune response in type 2 diabetes mellitus

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

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Assessment of immune response in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

10.36295/asro.2020.2329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (02) ◽

pp. 51-57

Author(s):

Raed Fanoukh Al-Jobouri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Immune Response ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Efficacy and safety of GP40021 insulin lispro biphasic compared with Humalog Mix 25 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research ◽

10.2217/cer-2020-0064 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandr Y Mayorov ◽

Anna A Mosikian ◽

Diana N Alpenidze ◽

Igor E Makarenko ◽

Valeria L Orlova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Immune Response ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Dose ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Open Label ◽

The Difference ◽

Noninferiority Margin

Aim: To compare safety (immunogenicity) and efficacy of a biosimilar insulin GP-Lis25 and a reference insulin Ly-Lis25 (Humalog Mix 25) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients. Materials & methods: This randomized open-label, 26-week clinical trial enrolled 210 T2D patients, randomized 1:1 to twice-daily GP-Lis25 or Ly-Lis25. The primary end point was immune response at 26th week. Noninferiority margin for HbA1c was 0.4%. Results: Immune response frequency was similar in GP-Lis25 and Ly-Lis25 groups both at week 12 (p = 0.651) and 26 (p = 0.164). The difference of HbA1c change at week 26 was (95% CI) 0.01 (-0.27–0.28)%. Fasting plasma glucose, seven-point glucose profile and insulin dose were similar between groups. Safety did not differ between groups. Conclusion: GP-Lis25 and Ly-Lis25 demonstrated similar safety and efficacy. ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04023344 .

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The humoral immune response to the inactivated influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03255.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 815-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. S. Nam ◽

A. R. Kim ◽

J. C. Yoon ◽

Y. Byun ◽

S. A. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Immune Response ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Influenza A ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Monovalent Vaccine ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Metformin Role in Diabetic Patients with Tuberculosis: a Review

Journal Of Tropical Pharmacy And Chemistry ◽

10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Esravila Ariya Wibisono

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Immune Response ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The World ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

Global Health Challenge

Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is a global health challenge, and WHO estimated the incidence of the new cases reaching 11.1 million people in 2017. Indonesia is classified as a high TB burden country, with 8% of its population infected by TB and ranks third in the world. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known comorbidity for TB patients. TB-T2DM patients have a higher chance of morbidity, mortality, relapse, bacterial resistance, treatment failure, and slower sputum conversion than TB patients without T2DM. Recent studies suggest that metformin may have a potential synergistic role for TB-T2DM patients. Metformin has immunomodulator properties that can improve the body's immune response and inflammatory response against TB in individuals with T2-DM.

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