Pathways to functional outcomes in schizophrenia: The role of premorbid functioning, negative symptoms and intelligence

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Brill ◽  
S.Z. Levine ◽  
A. Reichenberg ◽  
G. Lubin ◽  
M. Weiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Premorbid Functioning

scholarly journals The Role of the Dopamine D₁ Receptor in the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marie Vanden Broeke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Feature

<p>Diminished motivation is a core feature of schizophrenia that has been linked to impaired functional outcomes. A mechanism thought to contribute to diminished motivation is impaired anticipatory pleasure. Impaired anticipatory pleasure is associated with disrupted reward prediction and reduced engagement in reward-seeking behaviours. To investigate the role of the dopamine D₁ receptor in anticipatory pleasure, D₁ mutant rats and WT rats performed five experiments. Reward prediction was examined using the anticipatory locomotion experiment and successive negative contrast experiment. It was found that D₁ mutant rats have impaired anticipatory responses to expected reward. However, as the WT rats did not show the expected response to an alteration in reward expectation, it was impossible to assess the role of the D₁ receptor. Together, these findings suggest that the D₁ receptor may be involved in aspects of reward prediction. Reward-seeking behaviour was examined using the social approach experiment, scent marking experiment, and the separation induced vocalization experiment. It was found that the D₁ mutant rats have an impaired ability to engage in social and sexual reward-seeking behaviours, but have relatively normal ability to engage in maternal reward-seeking behaviours. Together, these findings indicate that the D₁ receptor is involved in certain aspects of reward-seeking behaviours. In conclusion, there is compelling evidence that a D₁ receptor dysfunction is a likely contributor to diminished motivation in schizophrenia.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of the Dopamine D₁ Receptor in the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marie Vanden Broeke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Feature

<p>Diminished motivation is a core feature of schizophrenia that has been linked to impaired functional outcomes. A mechanism thought to contribute to diminished motivation is impaired anticipatory pleasure. Impaired anticipatory pleasure is associated with disrupted reward prediction and reduced engagement in reward-seeking behaviours. To investigate the role of the dopamine D₁ receptor in anticipatory pleasure, D₁ mutant rats and WT rats performed five experiments. Reward prediction was examined using the anticipatory locomotion experiment and successive negative contrast experiment. It was found that D₁ mutant rats have impaired anticipatory responses to expected reward. However, as the WT rats did not show the expected response to an alteration in reward expectation, it was impossible to assess the role of the D₁ receptor. Together, these findings suggest that the D₁ receptor may be involved in aspects of reward prediction. Reward-seeking behaviour was examined using the social approach experiment, scent marking experiment, and the separation induced vocalization experiment. It was found that the D₁ mutant rats have an impaired ability to engage in social and sexual reward-seeking behaviours, but have relatively normal ability to engage in maternal reward-seeking behaviours. Together, these findings indicate that the D₁ receptor is involved in certain aspects of reward-seeking behaviours. In conclusion, there is compelling evidence that a D₁ receptor dysfunction is a likely contributor to diminished motivation in schizophrenia.</p>

Course, Prognosis, and Outcomes of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konasale M. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Premorbid Functioning ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

Course and outcome in schizophrenia and related disorders historically depend on diagnostic conceptualizations, with significant variability even across individuals with the exact same diagnosis. In this chapter, we will review the heterogeneity of course and outcome, providing some context in terms of factors that affect prognosis. Generally speaking, current outcomes are better than previously thought, with three-quarters of individuals having a good prognosis. Although these illnesses cannot be cured, we know that recovery is possible. The best predictors of outcome in schizophrenia are cognitive and negative symptoms (not positive symptoms), along with premorbid functioning, duration of untreated psychosis, and treatment adherence over time. Finally, we will touch on functional outcomes such as risk of violence and suicide, as well as issues around treatment discontinuation.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Histamine H1 receptor deletion in cholinergic neurons induces sensorimotor gating ability deficit and social impairments in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cheng ◽  
Cenglin Xu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Dadao An ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
H1 Receptor ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Social Impairments ◽  
Cholinergic Projections ◽  
Functional Deficiency

AbstractNegative symptoms in schizophrenia strongly contribute to poor functional outcomes, however its pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we found that histamine H1 receptor (H1R) expression in basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons was decreased in patients with schizophrenia having negative symptoms. Deletion of H1R gene in cholinergic neurons in mice resulted in functional deficiency of cholinergic projections from the BF to the prefrontal cortex and in the formation of sensorimotor gating deficit, social impairment and anhedonia-like behavior. These behavioral deficits can be rescued by re-expressing H1R or by chemogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the BF. Direct chemogenetic inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons produced such behavioral deficits and also increased the susceptibility to hyperlocomotion. Our results suggest that the H1R deficiency in BF cholinergic neurons is critical for sensorimotor gating deficit, social impairments and anhedonia-like behavior. This finding may help to understand the genetic and biochemical bases of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

The role of preoperative ultrasound in the diagnosis of penile fractures and the effect of tunica defect length on postoperative functional outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hizir Yavuzsan ◽  
Ahmet Tevfik Albayrak ◽  
Cumhur Yesildal ◽  
Musab Ilgi ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Baloglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Preoperative Ultrasound

scholarly journals Role of Acute Lesion Topography in Initial Ischemic Stroke Severity and Long-Term Functional Outcomes

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2438-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ona Wu ◽  
Lisa Cloonan ◽  
Steven J.T. Mocking ◽  
Mark J.R.J. Bouts ◽  
William A. Copen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Acute Lesion ◽  
Lesion Topography

The role of negative symptoms in the context of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Farreny ◽  
Jaume Aguado ◽  
Susana Ochoa ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Judith Usall
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Remediation

The approach to patients with cognitive impairment and hip fracture: the role of orthogeriatric care

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Tarazona-Santabalbina ◽  
Juan R Doménech-Pascual ◽  
Ángel Belenguer-Varea A ◽  
Eduardo Rovira Daudi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls

SummaryHip fracture is very common among older patients, who are characterized by increased co-morbidities, including cognitive impairment. These patients have an increased risk of falls and fractures, poorer functional recovery and lower survival both in hospital and 12 months after discharge. We review the survival and functional outcomes of older patients with cognitive impairment and hip fracture managed in orthogeriatric units, and highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the efficacy and efficiency of specific orthogeriatric programmes for such patients and the future research perspectives in this field.

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