Association between white matter fiber integrity and subclinical psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients and unaffected relatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Knöchel ◽  
Laurence O'Dwyer ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
Britta Reinke ◽  
Jörg Magerkurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

Early Diagnosis and Counseling in Adolescents With Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Veronika Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
First Psychotic Episode ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

Psychosis is a condition characterized on current diagnostic tests by impairment and may include severe disturbances of cognition, thinking, behaviour, and emotion. The need for early diagnosis and prevention of psychotic episodes in adolescents challenges traditional models of counselling, diagnosis, and treatment. The aim of the present study is to derive the main themes and psychological manifestations in the first psychotic episode in adolescents and to deepen knowledge and raise questions around the specific experiences of psychotic adolescents in order to help the clinical psychologist and psychotherapist in diagnostic and therapeutic counselling. This thus goes beyond the visible behaviour and the medical model that pays little attention to the causal relationships in psychosis and its unconscious components. Thirty-six adolescents (27 girls) with subclinical and clinical psychotic symptoms and 30 adolescents (16 girls) with neurotic symptoms were interviewed. A clinical approach was used – clinical psychological interview followed by psychotherapeutic work. Findings and statements can be found showing that early psychotic signs may change into a more severe adolescent crisis, as well as indications of the nature of anger towards parents, unstable mood and aggressivity. Leading themes in interviews and psychotherapeutic sessions may relate to feelings of insignificance in the world around them, unclear sexual identification, too close a relationship with their mothers, and anxiety about real or symbolic absence such as their mothers’ working away from home for long periods of time. In 79% of the interviews with adolescents with psychotic symptoms, we see a lack of real symbolic play in childhood. suitable for non-psychotic adolescents, in this case to change in the first psychotic episode.****What does this last sentence mean? The importance of early diagnosis is recognized and the known psychotherapeutic techniques must be used. Keywords: early psychosis, adolescent, positive psychotherapy, counselling

Disturbances of basic self and prodromal symptoms among non-psychotic help-seeking adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koren ◽  
N. Reznik ◽  
M. Adres ◽  
R. Scheyer ◽  
A. Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prodromal Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to explore the notion that anomalies of self-experience (ASE) are a core, ‘not-yet-psychotic’ clinical phenotype of emerging schizophrenia and its spectrum.MethodTo accomplish this goal, we examined the relationship between ASE and commonly accepted risk markers in a sample of 87 help-seeking, non-psychotic adolescents (aged 14–18 years). ASE were assessed with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE), subclinical psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Prodromal Questionnaire and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, deterioration in psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Social and Role Functioning Scales, and level of distress with the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire.ResultsAbout 82 participants completed the entire EASE interview. The number of participants who reported ASE at a clinically meaningful level (n = 18, 22%) was smaller than that who met diagnostic criteria for a prodromal syndrome (n = 28, 34%). The degree of overlap between the two conditions was moderate but statistically significant (χ2(1) = 7.01, p = 0.008). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that ASE load on a different factor than prodromal symptoms and deterioration in functioning, but that there is a moderate correlation between the three factors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ASE are prevalent among non-psychotic help-seeking adolescents, yet at a considerably lower rate than prodromal symptoms. In addition, they suggest that ASE and prodromal symptoms constitute distinct but moderately related dimensions of potential risk. Taken together, they provide preliminary support for the clinical usefulness of supplementing and refining the methods of early detection of risk with assessment of ASE.

Diseases of White Matter and Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 746-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
David Copolov ◽  
Christos Pantelis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Velocardiofacial Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
White Matter Diseases ◽  
Association Area ◽  
Adolescent Period

Objective: To analyse the available data regarding the presentation of psychosis in diseases of central nervous system (CNS) white matter. Method: The available neurological and psychiatric literature on developmental, neoplastic, infective, immunological and other white matter diseases was reviewed. Results: A number of diseases of the white matter can present as schizophrenia-like psychoses, including leukodystrophies, neoplasms, velocardiofacial syndrome, callosal anomalies and inflammatory diseases. Conclusions: Production of psychotic symptoms may result from functional asynchrony of interdependent regions, due to alterations in critical circuits as a result of pathology. The nature, location and timing of white matter pathology seem to be the key factors in the development of psychosis, especially during the critical adolescent period of association area myelination. Diseases that disrupt the normal formation of myelin appear to cause psychosis at higher rates than those that disrupt mature myelinated structures. Diffuse rather than discrete lesions, in particular those affecting frontotemporal zones, are also more strongly associated with schizophrenia-like psychosis. These illnesses point to the central role that white matter plays in maintaining CNS connectivity and to how pathology of the white matter may contribute to the neurobiology of psychosis.

scholarly journals White matter alterations in individuals experiencing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanna Cooper ◽  
Kylie H. Alm ◽  
Ingrid R. Olson ◽  
Lauren M. Ellman
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis⋮ the disease and its manifestations

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1390) ◽  
pp. 1615-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. McDonald ◽  
M. A. Ron
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Multiple sclerosis is an immune–mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system clinically characterized by relapses and remissions of neurological disturbance. A typical relapse, exemplified by optic neuritis, increases in severity over a week or two and after approximately one month begins to remit. Resolution takes place over the course of two to three months. In the early stages, clinical recovery is virtually complete, though persistent abnormalities of conduction can usually be detected by evoked potential techniques and persistent structural abnormalities can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques, together with cerebrospinal fluid examination for oligoclonal IgG, provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis which, in the absence of a specific test, nevertheless remains primarily clinical. The course of the disease is very variable, but after a number of years neurological deficit begins to accumulate after each relapse. In most patients, the relapsing and remitting phase of the disease is followed by a phase of continuous progression of disability. Cognitive disturbances can be detected in many patients even quite early in the course of the illness. Deficits in attention, memory and executive skills may be prominent and tend to become increasingly prominent as neurological deficit increases, although this is not always the case. There is some correlation between the extent of MRI abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and the severity of cognitive deficit. Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced but are poorly correlated to the lesion load seen on MRI. In contrast, the much rarer psychotic symptoms, euphoria and emotional lability are closely linked to the severity of white matter disease.

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