Early Diagnosis and Counseling in Adolescents With Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

Psychosis is a condition characterized on current diagnostic tests by impairment and may include severe disturbances of cognition, thinking, behaviour, and emotion. The need for early diagnosis and prevention of psychotic episodes in adolescents challenges traditional models of counselling, diagnosis, and treatment. The aim of the present study is to derive the main themes and psychological manifestations in the first psychotic episode in adolescents and to deepen knowledge and raise questions around the specific experiences of psychotic adolescents in order to help the clinical psychologist and psychotherapist in diagnostic and therapeutic counselling. This thus goes beyond the visible behaviour and the medical model that pays little attention to the causal relationships in psychosis and its unconscious components. Thirty-six adolescents (27 girls) with subclinical and clinical psychotic symptoms and 30 adolescents (16 girls) with neurotic symptoms were interviewed. A clinical approach was used – clinical psychological interview followed by psychotherapeutic work. Findings and statements can be found showing that early psychotic signs may change into a more severe adolescent crisis, as well as indications of the nature of anger towards parents, unstable mood and aggressivity. Leading themes in interviews and psychotherapeutic sessions may relate to feelings of insignificance in the world around them, unclear sexual identification, too close a relationship with their mothers, and anxiety about real or symbolic absence such as their mothers’ working away from home for long periods of time. In 79% of the interviews with adolescents with psychotic symptoms, we see a lack of real symbolic play in childhood. suitable for non-psychotic adolescents, in this case to change in the first psychotic episode.****What does this last sentence mean? The importance of early diagnosis is recognized and the known psychotherapeutic techniques must be used. Keywords: early psychosis, adolescent, positive psychotherapy, counselling

Дифференциально-содержательный анализ психоаналитических типов организации характеров

Задачей этой статьи является перевод известной психоаналитической диагностики личности на язык Позитивной и Траснкультуральной Психотерапии, который делается, в основном, с опорой на описание типов организации характеров по Нэнси Мак-Вильямс, а также на анализ характеров клиентов из моей психотерапевтической практики в методе Позитивной и Траснкультуральной Психотерапии. В статье предлагается к дискуссии авторский взгляд на дифференциально-содержательный анализ различных типов характеров. Ключевые слова: психоаналитическая диагностика личности, типы организации характеров, дифференциально-содержательный анализ, актуальные способности, позитивная психотерапия

Депрессия: возможности и ограничения психотерапии в действующей модели помощи

Данная статья призвана привлечь внимание специалистов к проблемам места и роли немедикаментозной психотерапии в излечении депрессии. Статья прослеживает зависимость результатов работы психотерапевтов от качества работы врачей общей практики и психиатров, а также затрагивает аспекты актуальности норм и рекомендаций Всемирной организации здравоохранения, национальных протоколов помощи по работе с депрессией, и фактической ситуации их исполнения. Ключевые слова: депрессия, компетенция психотерапевта, антидепрессанты, депрессивная характерология, позитивная психотерапи

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Tell Me… Finding the Positum Through the Missing and the Reflections

This paper explores the process of reflection and its influence on personality formation. The importance of this issue for people throughout the ages is evidenced by fairy tales, parables, and also their predecessors – myths. The article discusses some of them, in which the symbol of the mirror and reflection makes it possible to know and assign qualities and abilities. Keywords: Positive psychotherapy, positum, reflection, contact, differentiation

The Psychosomatic Arc in Therapy

The psychosomatic arc, based on an idea of Nossrat Peseschkian in 1988, was further developed by the author from 1994 on to visualize the process of body and mental symptoms caused by life events and microtraumatic situations of everyday life. A semi-structured psychosomatic treatment process is described by which to understand the function and language of psychosomatic symptoms more easily. Keywords: psychosomatic arc, positive psychosomatic, positive psychotherapy, psychosomatic disorders, visualization in psychosomatic treatment

Эмпирическая верификация концепции тренинга “диагностика и терапия отношений” в методе Позитивной психотерапии

Практическое содержание тренинга составляет комплекс техник, представленных в форме шестнадцати базовых законов эмоциональной привлекательности, с актуализацией вторичных способностей: законточной эмпатии: “как смотреть из окна другого;закон универсальных этических принципов; законздорового юмора; законтрёх эго-состояний; закон трех стадий взаимодействия;закон восьми главных потребностей; закон баланса чрезмерной искренности / чрезмерной вежливости;закон “Я-сообщения“; закон позиции здоровой личности: Я “+“ ТЫ “+“;закон баланса стабильности: ожидания-наблюдения / доверие-послушание;закон баланса ответственности: брать-давать / любовь-справедливость; закон честной коммуникации; закон продуктивного копинга; закон заботливой конфронтации;закон самораскрытия:“что, когда, как, насколько много и кому открывать“; закон самопознания (окно Джохари). Комплекс техник разработан на основе психологической структуры флирта как компонента игривости / игровой компетентности, представленной тремя факторами по результатам констатирующего этапа исследования развития флирта: “Эмоциональный интеллект”, “Самоценность”, “Открытость новому опыту”. Каждый из факторов, опираясь на содержательную характеристику трех стадий взаимодействия, которые структурируют межличностные взаимодействия в целом, соотнесены с определенной стадией и первичной актуальной способностью: “Эмоциональный интеллект” – привязанность, “любовь / принятие”; “Открытость новому опыту” – дифференциация, “доверие”; “Самоценность” – отделение, “уверенность в себе”. Ключевые слова: стадии взаимодействия, актуальные способности, игровая компетентность, флирт, позитивная психотерапия

Positive Psychotherapy as a Means of Research and Development of Emotional Intelligence in the Course of Individual’s Life Fulfillment

The purpose of this article is to present a psychological hermeneutic triangulation model of emotional intelligence in the course of individual’s life fulfillment. In this context, the methodological framework and psychotechnical tools of positive psychotherapy contribute to the explication of the axiological potential of the emotional intelligence in three modes of realization: internal, external and integrative through the bodily sensation and emotional competence and understanding, interpretation and hermeneutic circle mechanisms. Application of positive psychotherapy at the empirical stage of the study has resulted in a training program for the development of emotional intelligence in the areas of individual’s life fulfillment relevant for the participants, as well as through individual consultations. The article presents evidence of the effectiveness of a prolonged formative experiment on the development of emotional intelligence by means of positive psychotherapy, which helped verify the author’s theoretical model. Keywords: emotional intelligence, positive psychotherapy, training, bodily sensation, emotional competence, mode of individual’s life fulfillment

An Integrative Approach to Dealing with Bereavements

Providing help and support to people experiencing grief after loss is one of the tasks of a psychologist and psychotherapist. Many views of various authors on the process of grieving and criticism of different opinions of each other make it difficult to choose any one theory for dealing with bereavement. The main goal of this paper is to take a holistic view of the course of adaptation to bereavement and create an integrative approach to the process of grieving based on the main principles of positive psychotherapy. To do this, I used the theories of living-through of grieving by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, John Bowlby, William Worden, Margaret Stroebe and Hank Shute, and Nossrat Peseschkian. Thus, an integrative model of the bereavement experience was created, in which the phases and tasks of two processes were identified: orientation to loss and orientation to restoration. Application of this model, as well as the use of the principles and techniques of positive psychotherapy as a guide, can help a therapist have a holistic view of the process of dealing with bereavement and be as effective as possible in the therapy process. Keywords: grief, grief work bereavement, positive psychotherapy, restoration

Tранскультуральные особенности проявления морали и нравственности на примере российского общества

В статье освещены результаты исследования по выявлению уровня морального развития российского общества. Темы, выбранные для вопросов теста, отражают наиболее резонансные проблемы современного российского общества: отношения с властью, профессионализм, милосердие, патриотизм, глобализм. Представлены 14 моральных дилемм и варианты ответов к ним, которые соответствуют 6 стадиям морального развития общества, предложенных Лоуренсом Колбергом. Выбор ситуации этической дилеммы рассматривается через призму актуальных способностей Позитивной Психотерапии, отражающих содержание конфликтной динамики. Ключевые слова: моральная дилемма, транскультуральный подход, патриотизм, актуальные способности, позитивная психотерапия

xamination of Self-Control in Positive Psychotherapy Structures

Every day, individuals can encounter events which cause them to check their wishes and impulses. They need to provide self-control in the face of these events. It is observed that psychotherapies aimed at increasing self-control are limited. Positive psychotherapy, which is a structural and analytical psychotherapeutic method, can expand our viewpoint on this subject. Structures in positive psychotherapy were examined in the context of using the balance model, coupled with the ability of self-control. The dependent variable of the research is self-control, the independent variable is positive psychotherapy structures. Of the 151 (52.6%) of the participants (52.6%) were women, 136 (47.4%) were men. The Personal Information Form, which was created by the researcher as a data collection tool, the self-control scales and Wiesbaden positive psychotherapy and family therapy inventory were used. Multiple regression analysis was performed during the analysis of the data. As a result of multiple regression analysis, primary abilities (r = .51, r2 = .26; f = 11.840; p <.01), secondary abilities (r = .52, r2 = .27; f = 9.209; p <.01) and the balance model (r = .39, R2 = .15; f = 11.964; p <.01) significantly announced the self-control. According to the results of the analysis, patience, relationship, hope, and love are among the primary abilities; the secondary abilities are honesty, achievement, conformity and fairness. From the balance model, it was revealed that success and body were a significant predictor of self-control.