Genetic analysis of the corolla tube merged degree and the relative number of ray florets in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.)

Anthocyanins (a subclass of flavonoids) and flavonoids are crucial determinants of flower color and substances of pharmacological efficacy, respectively, in chrysanthemum. However, metabolic and transcriptomic profiling regarding flavonoid accumulation has not been performed simultaneously, thus the understanding of mechanisms gained has been limited. We performed HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) and transcriptome analyses using “ARTI-Dark Chocolate” (AD), which is a chrysanthemum mutant cultivar producing dark-purple ray florets, and the parental cultivar “Noble Wine” for metabolic characterization and elucidation of the genetic mechanism determining flavonoid content. Among 26 phenolic compounds identified, three cyanidins and eight other flavonoids were detected only in AD. The total amounts of diverse flavonoids were 8.0 to 10.3 times higher in AD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were not up-regulated in AD at the early flower stage, implying that the transcriptional regulation of the pathway did not cause flavonoid accumulation. However, genes encoding post-translational regulation-related proteins, especially F-box genes in the mutated gene, were enriched among down-regulated genes in AD. From the combination of metabolic and transcriptomic data, we suggest that the suppression of post-translational regulation is a possible mechanism for flavonoid accumulation in AD. These results will contribute to research on the regulation and manipulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.

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Evidence for hexasomic inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. based on analysis of EST-SSR markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2020-0155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Min Fan ◽

Yike Gao ◽

Zhiping Wu ◽

Saba Haider ◽

Qixiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Segregation Analysis ◽

Expressed Sequence Tag ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Random Pairing ◽

Disomic Inheritance ◽

Inheritance Mode ◽

Marker Alleles ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) are ornamental flowers, which are famous worldwide. The mode of inheritance has great implications for the genetic analysis of polyploid species. However, genetic analysis of chrysanthemum has been hampered because of its controversial inheritance mode (disomic or hexasomic). To classify the inheritance mode of chrysanthemums, an analysis of three approaches was carried out in an F1 progeny of 192 offspring using 223 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. The analysis included segregation analysis, the ratio of simplex marker alleles linked in coupling to repulsion, as well as the transmission and segregation patterns of EST-SSR marker alleles. After segregation analysis, 204 marker alleles fit hexasomic inheritance and 150 marker alleles fit disomic inheritance, showing that marker alleles were inherited predominantly in a hexasomic manner. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of allele configuration and segregation behavior of five EST-SSR markers also suggested random pairing of chromosomes. Additionally, the ratio of simplex marker alleles linked in coupling to repulsion was 1:0, further supporting hexasomic inheritance. Therefore, it could be inferred that chrysanthemum is a complete or near-complete hexasome.

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Daminozide Alters Anthocyanin Metabolism in Ray Florets of Bronze Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-012-9315-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 453-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jonathon Roepke ◽

Tyler Jean ◽

Kayla J. Perkel ◽

Theo Blom ◽

Gale G. Bozzo

Keyword(s):

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Ray Florets ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

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Linkage Map Development by EST-SSR Markers and QTL Analysis for Inflorescence and Leaf Traits in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1342

Author(s):

Min Fan ◽

Yike Gao ◽

Zhiping Wu ◽

Qixiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Linkage Map ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Genetic Map ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Integrated Map ◽

Length Width ◽

Ray Florets ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) are famous ornamental crops with high medicinal and industrial values. The inflorescence and leaf traits are key factors that affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum. However, the genetic improvement of those traits is slow within chrysanthemum because of its hexaploidy, high heterozygosity and enormous genome. To study the genetic control of the important traits and facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in chrysanthemum, it is desirable to populate the genetic maps with an abundance of transferrable markers such as microsatellites (SSRs). A genetic map was constructed with expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers in an F1 progeny of 192 offspring. A total of 1000 alleles were generated from 223 EST-SSR primer pairs. The preliminary maternal and paternal maps consisted of 265 marker alleles arranged into 49 and 53 linkage groups (LGs), respectively. The recombined parental maps covered 906.3 and 970.1 cM of the genome, respectively. Finally, 264 polymorphic loci were allocated to nine LGs. The integrated map spanned 954.5 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 3.6 cM between two neighbouring loci. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was performed using the integrated map for inflorescence diameter (ID), central disc flower diameter (CDFD), number of whorls of ray florets (NWRF), number of ray florets (NRF), number of disc florets (NDF), number of florets (NF), ray floret length (RFL), ray floret width (RFW), ray floret length/width (RFL/W), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW) and leaf length/width (LL/W). Overall, 36 (21 major) QTLs were identified. The successful mapping of inflorescence and leaf traits QTL demonstrated the utility of the new integrated linkage map. This study is the first report of a genetic map based on EST-SSR markers in chrysanthemum. The EST-SSR markers, genetic map and QTLs reported here could be valuable resources in implementing MAS for chrysanthemums in breeding programs.

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