Associations between fine particle, coarse particle, black carbon and hospital visits in a Chinese city

Four fistulated cows were used to compare the rumen fluid properties produced from feeding all-concentrate feeds of fine (344 μ), or coarse (519 μ) geometric mean particle size, or alfalfa hay. A severe frothy condition developed in the rumens of cows fed the fine particle size feed but not in the rumens of cows fed the coarse or hay diets. The average viscosity of rumen fluid from cows fed hay was 7.4 centipoises (cP), about 14.7 cP when fed the coarse feed, and about 30.7 cP when fed the fine feed. After the cows became accustomed to their feed, rumen fluid pH declined from 6.5 to 5.6 when fed the fine particle feed and from 6.9 to 6.0 when fed the coarse. The rumen fluid from the cows fed the fine feed exhibited two viscosity maxima, between pH 5.5 and 5.8, and between pH 7.5 and 8.5, whereas the viscosity of the rumen fluid from the cows fed the coarse feed was not influenced by pH. Soluble carbohydrate levels were 650 μg/ml in the rumen fluid of cows fed the coarse-particle diet and over 1,000 μg/ml in that from cows fed the fine-particle feed. Cows fed hay had less than 300 μg/ml of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen fluid.

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AMBIENT FINE PARTICLE METAL COMPONENTS AND EMERGENCY HOSPITAL VISITS FOR HYPERTENSION IN CHANGSHA, CHINA: A TIME-STRATIFIED CASE-CROSSOVER STUDY

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302920d.24 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 98 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. E143.1-E143

Author(s):

Zhi-jun Huang ◽

Hong Yuan ◽

Yu-qing Zhou ◽

Qi-hong Deng ◽

Chan Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crossover Study ◽

Fine Particle ◽

Emergency Hospital ◽

Case Crossover ◽

Hospital Visits

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Effect of Particle Size and Composition of Marble Quarry Waste on the Properties of Artificial Marble

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 920 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

H A Samad ◽

R A Rashid ◽

Z Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Fine Particle ◽

Vacuum Condition ◽

Coarse Particle ◽

Coarse Particles ◽

Effect Of Particle Size ◽

Marble Waste

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize and investigate the performance of local marble quarry waste to assess its use as filler in producing artificial marble. Marble waste was obtained from marble quarry located in Simpang Pulai, Ipoh and sieved into two different sizes; < 2mm as coarse particle and < 250 μm as fine particle. The artificial marble was prepared under vacuum condition and the composition of fine and coarse particles were modified between 40-70% (wt.) and 0-30% (wt.), respectively. The artificial marble was evaluated their performance by water absorption, flexural strength, compression strength, and Barcol hardness properties. It was found that artificial marble prepared with 60% (wt.) of fine particle and 10% (wt.) of coarse particle showed the best overall properties leading to a lowest water absorption and good flexural and compression strength. However, modification of marble waste content in the composition of artificial marble showed insignificant influence on Barcol hardness properties.

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Studies on Fine-Particle, Coarse-Particle, and Concentrated Aerosols1

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/53.5.908 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 908-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milton S. Schechter ◽

William N. Sullivan ◽

Alfred H. Yeomans

Keyword(s):

Fine Particle ◽

Coarse Particle

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Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10120775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jarkko Tissari ◽

Sampsa Väätäinen ◽

Jani Leskinen ◽

Mikko Savolahti ◽

Heikki Lamberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Fine Particle ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Real Life ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Heating Time ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Wood Combustion ◽

Dry Wood

Sauna Stoves (SS) are simple wood combustion appliances used mainly in Nordic countries. They generate emissions that have an impact on air quality and climate. In this study, a new measurement concept for comparing the operation, thermal efficiency, and real-life fine particle and gaseous emissions of SS was utilized. In addition, a novel, simple, and universal emission calculation procedure for the determination of nominal emission factors was developed for which the equations are presented for the first time. Fine particle and gaseous concentrations from 10 different types of SS were investigated. It was found that each SS model was an individual in relation to stove performance: stove heating time, air-to-fuel ratio, thermal efficiency, and emissions. Nine-fold differences in fine particle mass (PM1) concentrations, and about 90-fold differences in concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were found between the SS, when dry (11% moisture content) birch wood was used. By using moist (18%) wood, particle number and carbon monoxide concentrations increased, but interestingly, PM1, PAH, and black carbon (BC) concentrations clearly decreased, when comparing to dry wood. E.g., PAH concentrations were 5.5–9.6 times higher with dry wood than with moist wood. Between wood species, 2–3-fold maximum differences in the emissions were found, whereas about 1.5-fold differences were observed between bark-containing and debarked wood logs. On average, the emissions measured in this study were considerably lower than in previous studies and emission inventories. This suggests that overall the designs of sauna stoves available on the market have improved during the 2010s. The findings of this study were used to update the calculation scheme behind the inventories, causing the estimates for total PM emissions from SS in Finland to decrease. However, wood-fired sauna stoves are still estimated to be the highest individual emission source of fine particles and black carbon in Finland.

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