Thirteen years of air pollution hourly monitoring in a large city: Potential sources, trends, cycles and effects of car-free days

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Masiol ◽  
Claudio Agostinelli ◽  
Gianni Formenton ◽  
Enzo Tarabotti ◽  
Bruno Pavoni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Large City ◽  
Potential Sources

Spatial modeling of air pollution based on data streams from geosensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Savinikh ◽  
A.A. Maiorov ◽  
A.V. Materuhin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Large City ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Geosensor Network ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Sources

The article is a brief summary of current research results of the authors in the field of spatial modeling of air pollution based on spatio-temporal data streams from geosensor networks. The urban environment is characterized by the presence of a large number of different sources of emissions and rapidly proceeding processes of contamination spread. So for the development of an adequate spatial model is required to make measurements with a large spatial and temporal resolution. It is shown that geosensor network provide researchers with the opportunity to obtain data with the necessary spatio-temporal detail. The article describes a prototype of a geosensor network to build a detailed spatial model of air pollution in a large city. To create a geosensor in the prototype of the system, calibrated gas sensors for a nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations measurement were interfaced to the module, which consist of processing unit and communication unit. At present, the authors of the article conduct field tests of the prototype developed.

scholarly journals Characteristics and potential sources of wintertime air pollution in Linfen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Chang Sun ◽  
Jiao Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Potential Sources

scholarly journals A Facility Location Model for Air Pollution Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lancia ◽  
F. Rinaldi ◽  
P. Serafini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Large City ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Practical Algorithms ◽  
Pollution Detection ◽  
The City

We describe mathematical models and practical algorithms for a problem concerned with monitoring the air pollution in a large city. We have worked on this problem within a project for assessing the air quality in the city of Rome by placing a certain number of sensors on some of the city buses. We cast the problem as a facility location model. By reducing the large number of data variables and constraints, we were able to solve to optimality the resulting MILP model within minutes. Furthermore, we designed a genetic algorithm whose solutions were on average very close to the optimal ones. In our computational experiments we studied the placement of sensors on 187 candidate bus routes. We considered the coverage provided by 10 up to 60 sensors.

scholarly journals Concentration Trajectory Route of Air pollution with an Integrated Lagrangian model (C-TRAIL model v1.0) derived from the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ model v5.2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Pouyaei ◽  
Yunsoo Choi ◽  
Jia Jung ◽  
Bavand Sadeghi ◽  
Chul Han Song
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Model C ◽  
Co Concentrations

Abstract. This paper introduces a reliable and comprehensive Lagrangian output (Concentration Trajectory Route of Air pollution with Integrated Lagrangian model, C-TRAIL version 1.0) from an Eulerian air quality model for validating the source-receptor link by following real polluted air masses. To investigate the concentrations and trajectories of air masses simultaneously, we implement the trajectory-grid (TG) Lagrangian advection scheme in the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) Eulerian model version 5.2. The TG algorithm follows the concentrations of representative air packets of species along trajectories determined by the wind field. The generated output from C-TRAIL accurately identifies the origins of pollutants. For validation, we analyzed the results of C-TRAIL during the KORUS-AQ campaign over South Korea. Initially, we implemented C-TRAIL in a simulation of CO concentrations with an emphasis on the long- and short-range transport effect. The output from C-TRAIL reveals that local trajectories were responsible for CO concentrations over Seoul during the stagnant period (May 17–22, 2016) and during the extreme pollution period (May 25–28, 2016), highly polluted air masses from China were distinguished as sources of CO transported to the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). We conclude that long-range transport played a crucial role in high CO concentrations over the receptor area during this period. Furthermore, for May 2016, we find that the potential sources of CO over that SMA were the result of either local transport or long-range transport from the Shandong Peninsula and, in some cases, from north of the SMA. By identifying the trajectories of CO concentrations, one can use the results from C-TRAIL to directly link strong potential sources of pollutants to a receptor in specific regions during various time frames.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PROVISION OF LANDSCAPING IN THE CITY OF CHERNIHIV

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
S. Zapototskyi ◽  
V. Zapototska ◽  
Y. Holub
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Large City ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The City

Chernihiv is a large city in the north of Ukraine, which has been the center of socio-cultural and political life of Ukrainians since the times of Kyivan Rus’. Today, it is an industrial and cultural center, an important transport hub. In recent years, positive changes have been observed in the socio-economic development of Chernihiv. The article reveals the main features of urban development. Its tasks and main elements are described. The situation related to the state of air pollution, water resources, including in Chernihiv, was analyzed. The main sources of environmental pollution are described. The problem of solid waste management in the city is considered. Urban noise has been described as a factor in air pollution that adversely affects human health. The effect of insolation within the city is characterized, the consequences and requirements for its consideration in the planning of cities, districts or neighborhoods are indicated. The analysis of the aeration regime of the city territory as a factor influencing the comfort of living in the city is carried out. The role of green plantations is determined, which is an important element of the natural environment and improvement of urban space. Three types of comfort in the city (ecological, social and urban) are described and their main features are pointed out. Our vision of a comfortable city, which should be compact, convenient and polycentric, to provide equal access to benefits to different segments of society, is proposed. The industrial complex and the reasons for the decline in the pace and volume of industrial production in some previously leading industries are described. The main enterprises of Chernihiv that imple­ment modern technological solutions are identified. The transport complex of the city and tendencies of its further development are considered. An analysis of health, education, culture and recreation facilities, as well as the situation in the social sphere of Chernihiv. An analysis of a sociological survey among the city’s residents on the improvement problems which concern resi­dents the most has been carried out. This study showed that the most pressing issues for citizens are garbage removal and household waste management, the problem of heat supply and public transport. An analysis of respondents’ responses re­vealed that they support positive trends in the creation of new sports and children’s playgrounds, but want these facilities to be within walking distance of their place of residence. Most citizens are satisfied with the work of the city authorities to address the issues of improvement and comfort of Chernihiv, hoping for further positive changes. The paper identifies the priority areas of development of Chernihiv for the coming years. Among them: improving the living standards of the population, improving the environment, further economic growth, increasing employment in the city, updating and creating new quality infrastructure, supporting small and medium-sized businesses.

scholarly journals Environmental lead poisoning among children in Porto Alegre state, Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Maleronka Ferron ◽  
André Klafke de Lima ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of lead poisoning in children and to identify associated factors, as well as possible local sources of contamination. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in 2006 with a random sample of 97 children age zero to five years from a neighborhood in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Blood lead levels were measured and a questionnaire administered to collect information on sociodemographics, recycling and dwelling. A preliminary environmental evaluation was carried out with direct analysis of soil and indirect analysis of air pollution with bioindicators to identify possible sources of contamination. To analyze lead concentrations from the different collection sites, for each type of material studied, ANOVA was performed with a Brown-Forsythe adjustment for heteroscedasticity and with Dunnett's T3 procedure for multiple comparisons of unequal variances. RESULTS: Blood lead levels > 10.0 µg/dL was found in 16.5% of children. Recycling of waste at home, low father's education level, and increased age of children were associated with increase blood lead levels. High lead levels were found in soil, and there was little indication of lead air pollution. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of lead poisoning was identified, and the potential sources of contamination in this community appear related to waste recylcing activities. Studies should be conducted with other populations of Brazilian children and evaluate potential sources of local and general contamination, to accurately characterize this issue in Brazil.

scholarly journals Heavy air pollution episodes in Beijing during January 2013: inorganic ion chemistry and source analysis using Highly Time-Resolved Measurements in an urban site

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 11111-11141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Han ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
Z. Bai ◽  
Z. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes ◽  
Time Resolved Measurements

Abstract. Heavy air pollution episodes occurred in Beijing in January 2013 attracted intensively attention around the whole world. During this period, the authors conducted highly time-resolved measurements of water soluble ions associated with PM2.5 at an urban site, and attempted to distinguish the ion chemistry and potential sources. In this study, hourly mean concentrations of Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were measured during the air pollution episode in January 2013, and the ions were found to exist mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NaCl and KCl in aerosol particles by correlation and linear analysis. SO42− and NO3− were observed peak concentrations in 10–15, 18–20, 21–24, and 26–30 January during this monitoring campaign. The percentage of SO42− and NH4+ in total ions concentrations exhibited an increasing trend with the enhancement of PM2.5 concentration, indicating high concentrations of SO42− and NH4+ had played important roles in the formation of air pollution episodes. Ratio of [NO3−]/[SO42−] was calculated, finding the sources of SO42− would contribute more to the formation of PM2.5 than mobile sources. Diurnal variations of SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ were examined, and all of them exhibited similar pattern with high concentration in night and relative low level at daytime. Emission from coal combustion, remote transportation at night or impact of meteorological was likely to be responsible for the high level of SO42−, NH4+ andNO3−. Potential sources were identified by applying PMF. Secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, coal combustion and biomass burning, as well as fugitive dust were considered as the major contributors to total ions.

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