Legionella - A threat to groundwater: Pathogen transport in recharge basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 1485-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. McBurnett ◽  
Nathan T. Holt ◽  
Absar Alum ◽  
Morteza Abbaszadegan
Keyword(s):  
Recharge Basin ◽  
Pathogen Transport

Proposed California Regulations for Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Recharge Basin ◽  
Trace Organics

The proposed California regulations for groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater are presented with the basis and rationale for key requirements. The treatment and recharge basin requirements have been developed to control the migration of pathogens, nitrogen, and trace organics in the extracted groundwater. The regulations rely on a combination of controls intended to maintain a microbiologically and chemically safe groundwater recharge operation. These regulations provide uniform statewide criteria that will promote groundwater recharge projects using reclaimed municipal wastewater.

scholarly journals Conditions for transient epidemics of waterborne disease in spatially explicit systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 181517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Mari ◽  
Renato Casagrandi ◽  
Enrico Bertuzzo ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo ◽  
Marino Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Free System ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Waterborne Infections ◽  
Pathogen Transport

Waterborne diseases are a diverse family of infections transmitted through ingestion of—or contact with—water infested with pathogens. Outbreaks of waterborne infections often show well-defined spatial signatures that are typically linked to local eco-epidemiological conditions, water-mediated pathogen transport and human mobility. In this work, we apply a spatially explicit network model describing the transmission cycle of waterborne pathogens to determine invasion conditions in metacommunities endowed with a realistic spatial structure. Specifically, we aim to define conditions under which pathogens can temporarily colonize a set of human communities, thus triggering a transient epidemic outbreak. To that end, we apply generalized reactivity analysis, a recently developed methodological framework for the study of transient dynamics in ecological systems subject to external perturbations. The study of pathogen invasion is complemented by the detection of the spatial signatures associated with the perturbations to a disease-free system that are expected to be amplified the most over different time scales. Understanding the drivers of waterborne disease dynamics over time scales that are relevant to epidemic and/or endemic transmission is a crucial, cross-disciplinary challenge, as large portions of the developing world still struggle to cope with the burden of these infections.

Wastewater Flow and Pathogen Transport from At‐Grade Line Sources to Shallow Groundwater

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Oqbit Weldeyohannes ◽  
Gary Kachanoski ◽  
Miles Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Pathogen Transport

Optimization of lamp arrangement in a closed-conduit UV reactor based on a genetic algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2526-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tipu Sultan ◽  
Zeshan Ahmad ◽  
Jinsoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Pathogen Transport ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
Closed Conduit

The choice for the arrangement of the UV lamps in a closed-conduit ultraviolet (CCUV) reactor significantly affects the performance. However, a systematic methodology for the optimal lamp arrangement within the chamber of the CCUV reactor is not well established in the literature. In this research work, we propose a viable systematic methodology for the lamp arrangement based on a genetic algorithm (GA). In addition, we analyze the impacts of the diameter, angle, and symmetry of the lamp arrangement on the reduction equivalent dose (RED). The results are compared based on the simulated RED values and evaluated using the computational fluid dynamics simulations software ANSYS FLUENT. The fluence rate was calculated using commercial software UVCalc3D, and the GA-based lamp arrangement optimization was achieved using MATLAB. The simulation results provide detailed information about the GA-based methodology for the lamp arrangement, the pathogen transport, and the simulated RED values. A significant increase in the RED values was achieved by using the GA-based lamp arrangement methodology. This increase in RED value was highest for the asymmetric lamp arrangement within the chamber of the CCUV reactor. These results demonstrate that the proposed GA-based methodology for symmetric and asymmetric lamp arrangement provides a viable technical solution to the design and optimization of the CCUV reactor.

scholarly journals Predictive assembling model reveals the self-adaptive elastic properties of lamellipodial actin networks for cell migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xindong Chen ◽  
Hanxing Zhu ◽  
XiQiao Feng ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Yongtao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Pathogen Transport ◽  
Extracellular Resistance ◽  
Self Adaptive

Abstract Branched actin network supports cell migration through extracellular microenvironments. However, it is unknown how intracellular proteins adapt the elastic properties of the network to the highly varying extracellular resistance. Here we develop a three-dimensional assembling model to simulate the realistic self-assembling process of the network by encompassing intracellular proteins and their dynamic interactions. Combining this multiscale model with finite element method, we reveal that the network can not only sense the variation of extracellular resistance but also self-adapt its elastic properties through remodeling with intracellular proteins. Such resistance-adaptive elastic behaviours are versatile and essential in supporting cell migration through varying extracellular microenvironments. The bending deformation mechanism and anisotropic Poisson’s ratios determine why lamellipodia persistently evolve into sheet-like structures. Our predictions are confirmed by published experiments. The revealed self-adaptive elastic properties of the networks are also applicable to the endocytosis, phagocytosis, vesicle trafficking, intracellular pathogen transport and dendritic spine formation.

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