Inhibitory effects of extracellular polymeric substances on ofloxacin sorption by natural biofilms

2018 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Deming Dong ◽  
Xiuyi Hua ◽  
Zhiyong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Natural Biofilms

scholarly journals Strategies for Interfering With Bacterial Early Stage Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Fu ◽  
Yuning Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Lin ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Gang Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Reversible Adhesion ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Further Development

Biofilm-related bacteria show high resistance to antimicrobial treatments, posing a remarkable challenge to human health. Given bacterial dormancy and high expression of efflux pumps, persistent infections caused by mature biofilms are not easy to treat, thereby driving researchers toward the discovery of many anti-biofilm molecules that can intervene in early stage biofilms formation to inhibit further development and maturity. Compared with mature biofilms, early stage biofilms have fragile structures, vigorous metabolisms, and early attached bacteria are higher susceptibility to antimicrobials. Thus, removing biofilms at the early stage has evident advantages. Many reviews on anti-biofilm compounds that prevent biofilms formation have already been done, but most of them are based on compound classifications to introduce anti-biofilm effects. This review discusses the inhibitory effects of anti-biofilm compounds on early stage biofilms formation from the perspective of the mechanisms of action, including hindering reversible adhesion, reducing extracellular polymeric substances production, interfering in the quorum sensing, and modifying cyclic di-GMP. This information can be exploited further to help researchers in designing new molecules with anti-biofilm activity.

scholarly journals Toxicity and biodegradability of caffeic acid in anaerobic digesting sludge

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Hernandez ◽  
RGJ Edyvean
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Initial Activation

Caffeic acid in waste comes from a variety of industries, and its disposal is likely to increase due to emerging processes such as graphene production and use in healthcare products. The current sustainable option to treat waste caffeic acid and prevent its natural transformation in soil to greenhouse gases, is anaerobic digestion. However, little is known about the toxic and inhibitory effects of caffeic acid on biogas production as well as its ultimate anaerobic biodegradability; or about the reactive adsorptive processes taking place with caffeic acid in sludge, metabolic intermediates, thermodynamic limitations and the effects on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Standard methods revealed that 80% of biogas production (EC80) from a readily digestible biomass was inhibited at 389 mg caffeic acid·g-1 VSS. Up to 52% of caffeic acid was biodegraded. β-oxidation and reductive dehydroxylation were the initial activation reactions transforming caffeic acid into typical polyphenol structural units (protocatechuic acid and 4HBA). Adsorption of caffeic acid (53.3% and 28.6%) to the sludge occurred even at inhibitory concentrations. The EPS structure remained unchanged regardless of the increase in concentration of caffeic acid. Reasonable concentrations of caffeic acid could be co-digested with a similar readily digestible biomass with an expected reduction in biogas production. It is feasible to treat waste caffeic acid by anaerobic digestion and adsorption of its derivates, in order to reduce the contribution to global warming and to protect the environment. 

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Inhibitory Effects of Transposed Letter Neighbours During Silent Sentence Reading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascension Pagan ◽  
Hazel Blythe ◽  
Kevin Paterson ◽  
Simon Liversedge
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sentence Reading
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