Anti-Phototoxicity Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Acetone Extract of Entada phaseoloides Leaves via Activation of COX-2 and iNOS in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

The extract from Entada phaseoloides was employed as active ingredients of natural origin into cosmetic products, while the components analysis was barely reported. Using LC-DAD-MS/qTOF analysis, eleven compounds (1–11) were proposed or identified from acetone extract of E. phaseoloides leaves (AE). Among them, six phenolic compounds, protocatechuic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (5), cirsimaritin (6), dihydrokaempferol (9), and apigenin (10), were isolated by various chromatographic techniques. Protocatechuic acid (2), epicatechin (4), and kaempferol (11) at a concentration 100 μM increased the HaCaT cells viability of the UVB-irradiated cell without any cytotoxicity effect and reduced the expression of COX-2 and iNOS inflammation gene. Moreover, compounds 2 and 4 could have potent effects on cell migration during wound closure. These results suggest that compounds 2, 4, and 11 from AE have anti-photoaging properties and could be employed in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.

Effect of Must Hyperoxygenation on Sensory Expression and Chemical Composition of the Resulting Wines

This paper evaluates the effect of must hyperoxygenation on final wine. Lower concentrations of caftaric acid (0.29 mg·L−1), coutaric acid (1.37 mg·L−1) and Catechin (0.86 mg·L−1) were observed in hyperoxygenated must in contrast to control must (caftaric acid 32.78 mg·L−1, coutaric acid 5.01 mg·L−1 and Catechin 4.45 mg·L−1). In the final wine, hydroxybenzoic acids were found in higher concentrations in the control variant (gallic acid 2.58 mg·L−1, protocatechuic acid 1.02 mg·L−1, vanillic acid 2.05 mg·L−1, syringic acid 2.10 mg·L−1) than in the hyperoxygenated variant (2.01 mg·L−1, 0.86 mg·L−1, 0.98 mg·L−1 and 1.50 mg·L−1 respectively). Higher concentrations of total flavanols (2 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated must and 21 mg·L−1 in control must; 7.5 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine and 19.8 mg·L−1 in control wine) and polyphenols (97 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated must and 249 mg·L−1 in control must; 171 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine and 240 mg·L−1 in control wine) were found in both the must and the control wine. A total of 24 volatiles were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Statistical differences were achieved for isobutyl alcohol (26.33 mg·L−1 in control wine and 32.84 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), or 1-propanol (7.28 mg·L−1 in control wine and 8.51 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), while esters such as isoamyl acetate (1534.41 µg·L−1 in control wine and 698.67 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), 1-hexyl acetate (136.32 µg·L−1 in control wine and 71.67 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine) and isobutyl acetate (73.88 µg·L−1 in control wine and 37.27 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine) had a statistically lower concentration.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Ingredients in Plantago Depressa by Single Marker

Objective. To establish a quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS) method for the simultaneous determination of 4 active components such as protocatechuic acid, catechin, quercetin, and luteolin in Plantago depressa. Method. 4 active components in Plantago depressa were studied. Quercetin was used as an internal reference to establish the relative correction factors among protocatechuic acid, catechin, and luteolin and calculate the contents of each component; the results were compared with those measured by the external standard method. Results. 4 components showed a good linear relationship in their respective concentration ranges (r > 0.9995). The relative correction factors (fs/k) of protocatechuic acid, catechin, and luteolin were 1.1992, 0.8613, and 1.6069, respectively. The method had good durability. The contents of protocatechuic acid, catechin, and luteolin calculated by QAMS were not significantly different from those measured by the external standard method. Conclusion. QAMS can be used to determine the content of 4 components in Plantago depressa at the same time, and the method is simple, accurate, and can be used for quality control.

Protocatechuic Acid Counteracts Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Carrageenan- Induced Paw Edema in Mice

PCA (protocatechuic acid), a phenolic compound found in teas, fruits and vegetables, is widely recognized with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here we verified the protective role of PCA on carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. PCA (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administration was applied for five consecutive days prior to the carrageenan injection. Diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. PCA pretreatment notably decreased the volume of the developed edema and alleviated the histopathological alterations induced by carrageenan. Additionally, PCA administration enhanced the cellular antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, in addition to the decreased malondialdehyde level in the edematous tissue. Interestingly, PCA administration was able to suppress the developed inflammatory response upon carrageenan injection as indicated by the decreased levels and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin-1 beta, interlukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-II, prostaglandin E2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myeloperoxidase and nuclear factor kappa B. These results collectively confirm the protective effect of PCA against carrageenan-induced paw edema owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Synergetic Inactivation Mechanism of Protocatechuic Acid and High Hydrostatic Pressure against Escherichia coli O157:H7

With the wide application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology in the food industry, safety issues regarding food products, resulting in potential food safety hazards, have arisen. To address such problems, this study explored the synergetic bactericidal effects and mechanisms of protocatechuic acid (PCA) and HHP against Escherichia coli O157:H7. At greater than 200 MPa, PCA (1.25 mg/mL for 60 min) plus HHP treatments had significant synergetic bactericidal effects that positively correlated with pressure. After a combined treatment at 500 MPa for 5 min, an approximate 9.0 log CFU/mL colony decline occurred, whereas the individual HHP and PCA treatments caused 4.48 and 1.06 log CFU/mL colony decreases, respectively. Mechanistically, membrane integrity and morphology were damaged, and the permeability increased when E. coli O157: H7 was exposed to the synergetic stress of PCA plus HHP. Inside cells, the synergetic treatment additionally targeted the activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ATPase, which were inhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) when exposed to high pressure. Moreover, an analysis of circular dichroism spectra indicated that the synergetic treatment caused a change in DNA structure, which was expressed as the redshift of the characteristic absorption peak. Thus, the synergetic treatment of PCA plus HHP may be used as a decontamination method owing to the good bactericidal effects on multiple targets.

Studying on cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate extracts and isolated substances from cultured Isaria cicadae F0004 in Vietnam against the MCF-7 cell lines and Jurkat cell lines

Isaria cicadae species of the Isaria genus have been isolated in many Asian countries, including China, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. Furthermore, Isaria cicadae content potential medicinal source in the prevention and treatment of cancer, strengthening the immune system. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Jurkat T cell lines of the extract and isolated potential compounds from Isaria cicadae in Vietnam. The results showed that ethyl acetate (EA) extract from the fruit body of the Isaria cicadae F0004 strain had high cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and Jurkat cell lines at the concentration of 100 μg/mL with the IC50 value was reached 17.15 ± 1.68 and 10.37 ± 0.61 μg/mL respectively. The constituents of the EA extract from the fungus Isaria cicadae F0004 were isolated by column chromatography and preparative chromatography. Then, the structures were determined by spectroscopy 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. It was obtained 5 compounds including uracil, 1-0-ethyl-ß-D-ribofuranose, ergosterol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid isolated from Isaria cicadae F0004 that showed cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 and Jurkat cell lines with IC50 values of 5.97 ± 0.36 and 3.15 ± 0.64 (mM) respectively. This study is the basis for further research on the cytotoxic activity of the fungus Isaria cicadae F0004 in vitro.

Antioxidant capacity, reproductive response and glucose concentration and insulin of ewes supplemented prior to insemination with orange residue

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves

Guava, Psidium guajava L., is well-known tropic tree which is abundantly grown for fruit. It belongs to phylum Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida and Myrtaceae family and has been found a lot in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam. Antioxidant activity of different extracts from Psidium guajava L. leaves revealed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts have the good activities. Processing of these fractions using repeated column and thin layer chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of four compounds, which have identified their chemical structures by spectroscopic techniques including avicularin (1), kaempferol (2), gallic acid (3), and protocatechuic acid (4). All the isolated compounds showed antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. These results suggest that the leaves of guava would be useful natural sources of antioxidants.