Stability of the permafrost peatlands carbon pool under climate change and wildfires during the last 150 years in the northern Great Khingan Mountains, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 136476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxin Cong ◽  
Chuanyu Gao ◽  
Dongxue Han ◽  
Yunhui Li ◽  
Guoping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Great Khingan Mountains

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Areas of Seoul with Climate Change: Implication for Open Innovation in Environmental Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Don Lee ◽  
Sun-Soon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Decrease Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Potential Climate Change

This study estimates the impact of potential climate change, and human interference (anthropogenic deforestation), on temperate forest carbon pool change in the capital area of South Korea, using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). Additionally, the characteristics of forest carbon pool change were simulated based on a biogeochemical module. The change of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is deeply related to the change of the forest carbon pool, which is estimated with the measures of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Soil Carbon Storage (SCS). NPP and SCS were estimated at 2.02–7.43 tC ha−1 year−1 and 34.55–84.81 tC ha−1, respectively, during the period 1971–2000. SCS showed a significant decreasing tendency under the conditions of increasing air temperature, and precipitation, in the near future (2021–2050), and far future (2071–2100), which were simulated with future-climate scenario data without any human interference. Besides, it is estimated that the temporal change in NPP indicates only a small decrease, which is little influenced by potential climate change. In the case of potential climate change plus human interference, the decrease rate of NPP and SCS were simulated at 17–33% and 21–46%, respectively, during 2000–2100. Furthermore, the effect of potential human interference contributes to 83–93% and 61–54% of the decrease rate of NPP and SCS, respectively. The decline in the forest carbon pool simulated in this study can play a positive role in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the effect of potential human interference can further accelerate the decline of the temperate forest carbon pool. For the effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in urbanizing areas, it would be more effective to control human interference. Consequently, this study suggests that a rate of reforestation corresponding to the deforestation rate should be at least maintained, with long term monitoring and modeling-related studies, against climate change problems.

scholarly journals Projecting the release of carbon from permafrost soils using a perturbed physics ensemble

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 19499-19534
Author(s):  
A. H. MacDougall ◽  
R. Knutti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Physics Ensemble ◽  
Perturbed Physics

Abstract. The soils of the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region are estimated to contain 1100 to 1500 Pg of carbon (Pg C). A substantial fraction of this carbon has been frozen and therefore protected from microbial decay for millennia. As anthropogenic climate warming progresses much of this permafrost is expected to thaw. Here we conduct perturbed physics experiments on a climate model of intermediate complexity, with an improved permafrost carbon module, to estimate with formal uncertainty bounds the release of carbon from permafrost soils by year 2100 and 2300. We estimate that by 2100 the permafrost region may release between 56 (13 to 118) Pg C under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 102 (27 to 199) Pg C under RCP 8.5, with substantially more to be released under each scenario by year 2300. A subset of 25 model variants were projected 8000 years into the future under continued RCP 4.5 and 8.5 forcing. Under the high forcing scenario the permafrost carbon pool decays away over several thousand years. Under the moderate scenario forcing a remnant near-surface permafrost region persists in the high Arctic which develops a large permafrost carbon pool, leading to global recovery of the pool beginning in mid third millennium of the common era (CE). Overall our simulations suggest that the permafrost carbon cycle feedback to climate change will make a significant but not cataclysmic contribution to climate change over the next centuries and millennia.

scholarly journals Projecting the release of carbon from permafrost soils using a perturbed parameter ensemble modelling approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2123-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. MacDougall ◽  
Reto Knutti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Perturbed Model

Abstract. The soils of the northern hemispheric permafrost region are estimated to contain 1100 to 1500 Pg of carbon. A substantial fraction of this carbon has been frozen and therefore protected from microbial decay for millennia. As anthropogenic climate warming progresses much of this permafrost is expected to thaw. Here we conduct perturbed model experiments on a climate model of intermediate complexity, with an improved permafrost carbon module, to estimate with formal uncertainty bounds the release of carbon from permafrost soils by the year 2100 and 2300 CE. We estimate that by year 2100 the permafrost region may release between 56 (13 to 118) Pg C under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 102 (27 to 199) Pg C under RCP 8.5, with substantially more to be released under each scenario by the year 2300. Our analysis suggests that the two parameters that contribute most to the uncertainty in the release of carbon from permafrost soils are the size of the non-passive fraction of the permafrost carbon pool and the equilibrium climate sensitivity. A subset of 25 model variants are integrated 8000 years into the future under continued RCP forcing. Under the moderate RCP 4.5 forcing a remnant near-surface permafrost region persists in the high Arctic, eventually developing a new permafrost carbon pool. Overall our simulations suggest that the permafrost carbon cycle feedback to climate change will make a significant contribution to climate change over the next centuries and millennia, releasing a quantity of carbon 3 to 54 % of the cumulative anthropogenic total.

Investigation into effects of warmer conditions on seasonal runoff and dissolved carbon fluxes in permafrost catchments in northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuedong Guo ◽  
Changchun Song
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Runoff

Eurasian permafrost serves as an important carbon pool and water resource for linked aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the effects of expected warmer climate under climate change, and also to fill...

Re-visiting a long-term Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a Danish heathland/grassland ecosystem (CLIMAITE) reveals highly dynamic soil carbon 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyan Li ◽  
Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽  
Per Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Recalcitrant Carbon

<p>The feedback of the terrestrial carbon cycle to global climate change is among the largest uncertainties in climate change research. To test the potential ecosystem effects of future climate scenarios, a field-scale FACE (Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment) experiment combined with increased temperatures and extended summer drought was performed in the period 2005–2013 on a temperate heathland/grassland ecosystem in Denmark (the CLIMAITE project). A major finding from the original experiment was that the soil carbon pool increased by approximately 20% under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> over the 8 years of the study*.</p><p>The FACE treatment was in effect also an in situ labeling experiment because the added CO<sub>2</sub> was depleted for <sup>13</sup>C （<sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2FACE</sub>=-29‰）compared to ambient atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>（<sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2AIR</sub>=-8‰）. Therefore, the isotopic signal of the remaining soil carbon can be used to investigate the turnover of soil carbon during the time since the end of the original study.</p><p>During the growing season in 2020, seven years after the CO<sub>2</sub> fumigation experiment was terminated, soil samples were extracted in all plots using the same sampling strategy as in previous samplings. Interestingly, the direct soil C pool measurements showed that the extra soil carbon, which was stored during the eight years with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> had been lost again over the course of the following seven years. The isotopic composition of the different soil layers had also changed back towards the values measured in control plots, although still being slightly more depleted for <sup>13</sup>C. Still, the convergence of the isotopic composition in the different treatments confirms the trend observed from the direct C pool measurements and also hints that a part of the more recalcitrant carbon taken up during the elevated CO2 experiment is still there while most of the labile/less recalcitrant carbon has been decomposed and reemitted to the atmosphere. The results show that the soil carbon pool in the ecosystem is extremely dynamic and may change fast in response to changes in major ecosystem drivers, and in particular is highly sensitive to the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration.</p><p>*Dietzen CA, Larsen KS, Ambus P, Michelsen A, Arndal MF, Beier C, Reinsch S, Schmidt IK (2019) Accumulation of soil carbon under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> unaffected by warming and drought. Global Change Biology, 25: 2970–2977. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14699.</p>

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

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