Carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O) in mangroves with different vegetation assemblies in the central coastal plain of Veracruz Mexico

This study investigated emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 from nine anaerobic digestion plants that treat biowaste. The treatment is in form of mechanical pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion followed by a composting with or without intensive aeration. The exhaust gases from the mechanical and anaerobic steps are treated by biofilters. The emission sources at the plants consisted of biofilters, combined heat and power units (CHP), liquid digestate treatment systems (LTS) and open composting windrows of the solid digestate. Overall, the emission factors were 0.4 - 16 kg (Mg biowaste)-1 for CH4, 7 - 170 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for N2O and 41 - 6,032 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for NH3. Open composting windrows of solid digestate resulted in high emissions of CH4 and N2O. Intensive aeration of the solid digestate could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Download Full-text

Dimensions of Blue Carbon and emerging perspectives

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2018.0781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 20180781 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Catherine E. Lovelock ◽

Carlos M. Duarte

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Coastal Ecosystems ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Blue Carbon ◽

Tidal Marshes ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Mitigate Climate Change

Blue Carbon is a term coined in 2009 to draw attention to the degradation of marine and coastal ecosystems and the need to conserve and restore them to mitigate climate change and for the other ecosystem services they provide. Blue Carbon has multiple meanings, which we aim to clarify here, which reflect the original descriptions of the concept including (1) all organic matter captured by marine organisms, and (2) how marine ecosystems could be managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thereby contribute to climate change mitigation and conservation. The multifaceted nature of the Blue Carbon concept has led to unprecedented collaboration across disciplines, where scientists, conservationists and policy makers have interacted intensely to advance shared goals. Some coastal ecosystems (mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass) are established Blue Carbon ecosystems as they often have high carbon stocks, support long-term carbon storage, offer the potential to manage greenhouse gas emissions and support other adaptation policies. Some marine ecosystems do not meet key criteria for inclusion within the Blue Carbon framework (e.g. fish, bivalves and coral reefs). Others have gaps in scientific understanding of carbon stocks or greenhouse gas fluxes, or currently there is limited potential for management or accounting for carbon sequestration (macroalgae and phytoplankton), but may be considered Blue Carbon ecosystems in the future, once these gaps are addressed.

Download Full-text

Control of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) of a biodiesel (B100) fueled automotive diesel engine using increased compression ratio

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar ◽

K.A. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Ch4 And N2o

Download Full-text

Emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes from Forest Soil in Permafrost Region of Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162999 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2999 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiangwen Wu ◽

Shuying Zang ◽

Dalong Ma ◽

Jianhua Ren ◽

Qiang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Northeast China ◽

Permafrost Region ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Soil Ecosystems ◽

Daxing’An Mountains ◽

Ch4 And N2o

With global warming, the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions released by permafrost degradation is important in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. To study the feedback effect of greenhouse gases on climate change in permafrost regions, emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were continuously measured by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method, in three forest soil ecosystems (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and Betula platyphylla) of the Daxing’an Mountains, northeast China, from May 2016 to April 2018. Their dynamic characteristics, as well as the key environmental affecting factors, were also analyzed. The results showed that the flux variation ranges of CO2, CH4, and N2O were 7.92 ± 1.30~650.93 ± 28.12 mg·m−2·h−1, −57.71 ± 4.65~32.51 ± 13.03 ug·m−2·h−1, and −3.87 ± 1.35~31.1 ± 2.92 ug·m−2·h−1, respectively. The three greenhouse gas fluxes showed significant seasonal variations, and differences in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes between different forest types were significant. The calculation fluxes indicated that the permafrost soil of the Daxing’an Mountains may be a potential source of CO2 and N2O, and a sink of CH4. Each greenhouse gas was controlled using different key environmental factors. Based on the analysis of Q10 values and global warming potential, the obtained results demonstrated that greenhouse gas emissions from forest soil ecosystems in the permafrost region of the Daxing’an Mountains, northeast China, promote the global greenhouse effect.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Organic Matter Amendments on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Mitigation Wetland in Virginia’s Coastal Plain

Wetlands ◽

10.1007/s13157-015-0674-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 969-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Scott Winton ◽

Curtis J. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Mitigation Wetland

Download Full-text

Impacts of Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Coastal Plain Soil under Cotton

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.2134/jeq2015.01.0036 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1699-1710 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dexter B. Watts ◽

G. Brett Runion ◽

Katy W. Smith Nannenga ◽

H. Allen Torbert

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Coastal Plain Soil

Download Full-text

Greenhouse gas emissions from laboratory-scale fires in wildland fuels depend on fire spread mode and phase of combustion

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-5259-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 5259-5273 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

N. C. Surawski ◽

A. L. Sullivan ◽

C. P. Meyer ◽

S. H. Roxburgh ◽

P. J. Polglase

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Fire Spread ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Combustion Phase ◽

Carbon Mass Balance ◽

Ch4 And N2o ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Free-burning experimental fires were conducted in a wind tunnel to explore the role of ignition type and thus fire spread mode on the resulting emissions profile from combustion of fine (< 6 mm in diameter) Eucalyptus litter fuels. Fires were burnt spreading with the wind (heading fire), perpendicular to the wind (flanking fire) and against the wind (backing fire). Greenhouse gas compounds (i.e. CO2, CH4 and N2O) and CO were quantified using off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy. Emissions factors calculated using a carbon mass balance technique (along with statistical testing) showed that most of the carbon was emitted as CO2, with heading fires emitting 17% more CO2 than flanking and 9.5% more CO2 than backing fires, and about twice as much CO as flanking and backing fires. Heading fires had less than half as much carbon remaining in combustion residues. Statistically significant differences in CH4 and N2O emissions factors were not found with respect to fire spread mode. Emissions factors calculated per unit of dry fuel consumed showed that combustion phase (i.e. flaming or smouldering) had a statistically significant impact, with CO and N2O emissions increasing during smouldering combustion and CO2 emissions decreasing. Findings on the equivalence of different emissions factor reporting methods are discussed along with the impact of our results for emissions accounting and potential sampling biases associated with our work. The primary implication of this study is that prescribed fire practices could be modified to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from forests by judicial use of ignition methods to induce flanking and backing fires over heading fires.

Download Full-text