scholarly journals Efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought-induced die-off of salt marshes: Implications for coastal restoration and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 141493
Author(s):  
Zezheng Liu ◽  
Sergio Fagherazzi ◽  
Xiaojun She ◽  
Xu Ma ◽  
Chengjie Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Coastal Restoration

scholarly journals Intertwined eco‐morphodynamic evolution of salt marshes and emerging tidal channel networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Geng ◽  
Andrea D’Alpaos ◽  
Alessandro Sgarabotto ◽  
Zheng Gong ◽  
Stefano Lanzoni
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Morphodynamic Evolution

scholarly journals A Global Synthesis Reveals Gaps in Coastal Habitat Restoration Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
William Cioffi ◽  
Rebecca Cope ◽  
Pedro Daleo ◽  
Eleanor Heywood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
Vote Count ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Coastal ecosystems have drastically declined in coverage and condition across the globe. To combat these losses, marine conservation has recently employed habitat restoration as a strategy to enhance depleted coastal ecosystems. For restoration to be a successful enterprise, however, it is necessary to identify and address potential knowledge gaps and review whether the field has tracked scientific advances regarding best practices. This enables managers, researchers, and practitioners alike to more readily establish restoration priorities and goals. We synthesized the peer-reviewed, published literature on habitat restoration research in salt marshes, oyster reefs, and seagrasses to address three questions related to restoration efforts: (i) How frequent is cross-sector authorship in coastal restoration research? (ii) What is the geographic distribution of coastal restoration research? and (iii) Are abiotic and biotic factors equally emphasized in the literature, and how does this vary with time? Our vote-count survey indicated that one-third of the journal-published studies listed authors from at least two sectors, and 6% listed authors from all three sectors. Across all habitat types, there was a dearth of studies from Africa, Asia, and South America. Finally, despite many experimental studies demonstrating that species interactions can greatly affect the recovery and persistence of coastal foundation species, only one-fourth of the studies we examined discussed their effects on restoration. Combined, our results reveal gaps and discrepancies in restoration research that should be addressed in order to further propel coastal restoration science.

scholarly journals Turning the tide: experimental creation of tidal channel networks and ebb deltas

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Kleinhans ◽  
M. van der Vegt ◽  
R. Terwisscha van Scheltinga ◽  
A.W. Baar ◽  
H. Markies
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Tidal Basin ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Tidal Period ◽  
Tidal Basins

AbstractTidal channel networks, estuaries and ebb deltas are usually formed over a period longer than observations cover. Much is known about their characteristics and formation from linear stability analyses, numerical modelling and field observations. However, experiments are rare whilst these can provide data-rich descriptions of morphological evolution in fully controlled boundary and initial conditions. Our objective is to ascertain whether tidal basins can be formed in experiments, what the possible scale effects are, and whether morphological equilibrium of such systems exists.We experimentally created tidal basins with simple channel networks and ebb deltas in a 1.2 by 1.2 m square basin with either a fixed or self-formed tidal inlet and initially flat sediment bed in the tidal basin raised above the bed of the sea. Rather than create tides by varying water level, we tilted the entire basin over the diagonal. The advantage of this novel method is that the bed surface slopes in downstream direction both during flood and ebb phases, resulting in significant transport and morphological change in the flood phase as well as the ebb phase. This overcomes the major problem of earlier experiments which were entirely ebb-dominated, and reduces the experiment time by an order of magnitude.Ebb deltas formed in sand were entirely bedload dominated whereas the lightweight plastic sediment was intermittently suspended. Channels bifurcated during channel deepening and backward erosion to form a network of up to four orders. For initially dry tidal plains, the tidal prism increased as more sediment eroded from basin to ebb delta, so that evolution accelerated initially. The rate of change, the size of the channels and the final length of channels and delta were very sensitive to the tidal amplitude, tidal period and initial water depth in the basin. Most experiments with sand terminated with all sediment below the threshold for motion, whilst lightweight sediment remained mobile in the inlet region and firstorder channels, suggesting that sustained morphodynamics are feasible in experiments. We discuss how this novel experimental setup can be extended to produce tidal deltas, estuaries and other tidal systems and study their dynamics as a function of their forcing.

scholarly journals Facilitation shifts paradigms and can amplify coastal restoration efforts

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. 14295-14300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Silliman ◽  
Elizabeth Schrack ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Rebecca Cope ◽  
Amanda Santoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
Restoration Success ◽  
Simple Change ◽  
Bare Substrate

Restoration has been elevated as an important strategy to reverse the decline of coastal wetlands worldwide. Current practice in restoration science emphasizes minimizing competition between out-planted propagules to maximize planting success. This paradigm persists despite the fact that foundational theory in ecology demonstrates that positive species interactions are key to organism success under high physical stress, such as recolonization of bare substrate. As evidence of how entrenched this restoration paradigm is, our survey of 25 restoration organizations in 14 states in the United States revealed that >95% of these agencies assume minimizing negative interactions (i.e., competition) between outplants will maximize propagule growth. Restoration experiments in both Western and Eastern Atlantic salt marshes demonstrate, however, that a simple change in planting configuration (placing propagules next to, rather than at a distance from, each other) results in harnessing facilitation and increased yields by 107% on average. Thus, small adjustments in restoration design may catalyze untapped positive species interactions, resulting in significantly higher restoration success with no added cost. As positive interactions between organisms commonly occur in coastal ecosystems (especially in more physically stressful areas like uncolonized substrate) and conservation resources are limited, transformation of the coastal restoration paradigm to incorporate facilitation theory may enhance conservation efforts, shoreline defense, and provisioning of ecosystem services such as fisheries production.

Reclamation shifts the evolutionary paradigms of tidal channel networks in the Yellow River Delta, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 140585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjie Xie ◽  
Baoshan Cui ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Shuling Yu ◽  
Zezheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
The Yellow River Delta

scholarly journals First Report of Rust Disease Caused by Puccinia sparganioides on Spartina alterniflora in Louisiana

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaur ◽  
C. Knott ◽  
M. C. Aime
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Smooth Cordgrass ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Coastal Restoration

Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (smooth cordgrass) is the dominant plant species of intertidal salt marshes in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions of the United States. It is a perennial deciduous grass that can reduce and reverse coastal erosion by buffering wave energy and storm surges and by accumulating suspended solids from intertidal waters. Therefore, smooth cordgrass is utilized extensively in coastal restoration projects in Louisiana. In July 2009, smooth cordgrass leaf samples with signs and symptoms of a rust disease were collected from plant material grown at the Aquaculture Research Station near Baton Rouge, LA. Numerous hypophyllous, narrow, linear lesions were observed in which the uredinia were pale orange, erumpent, and arranged seriately. Urediniospores were yellowish to orange, obovoid to oblong, echinulate with a thickened apical wall and obscure germ pores, and measured 27.5 to 44.9 (–48.3) × 17.3 to 27.6 (–31.05) μm. Telia and teliospores were not observed. The pathogen was identified as Puccinia sparganioides Ellis & Tracy based on the DNA sequence of nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) amplified with rust-specific primers (1). The sequence (deposited in GenBank as No. GU327649) was found to share 99.8% identity (1,077/1,079 bp) with sequence No. GU058027 of P. sparganioides from S. patens (Aiton) Muhl. and did not match any other species of Puccinia in GenBank. P. sparganioides has previously been reported on S. alterniflora in Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sparganioides on S. alterniflora from Louisiana. Efforts to screen for rust-resistant lines for use in coastal restoration projects are underway to prevent land loss that could occur due to smooth cordgrass stress from infection. Voucher material (LSU00121657) has been deposited in the Bernard Lowy Mycological Herbarium (LSUM). References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Online publication. ARS, USDA, October, 2009.

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