Persistent and toxic chemical pollutants in fish consumed by Asians in Chicago, United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 152214
Author(s):  
An Li ◽  
Qiaozhi Tang ◽  
Kenneth E. Kearney ◽  
Kathryn L. Nagy ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Pollutants

Toxic Chemical Pollution of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) and its Upper Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Estuarine Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Water ◽  
St Lawrence River

Decline of the Beluga whale population in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River may be related to the high content of toxic metals and organic chemicals in their tissues. For three years, the National Water Research Institute has conducted research cruises of the St. Lawrence River to identify the major toxic chemical pollutants in the river and to determine their transport to, and fate in, the upper estuary. The impact of toxic chemicals in the estuarine zone is tied not only to their fate in the increasing salinity and turbidity zone of the upper estuary but to their source, transport mechanisms, and fate in the upstream river.

scholarly journals Toxic Chemical Governance Failure in the United States: Key Lessons and Paths Forward

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana M Chiapella ◽  
Zbigniew J Grabowski ◽  
Mary Ann Rozance ◽  
Ashlie D Denton ◽  
Manar A Alattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Production Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractOver 40 years of regulations in the United States have failed to protect human and environmental health. We contend that these failures result from the flawed governance over the continued production, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals. To address this failure, we need to identify the broader social, political, and technological processes producing, knowing, and regulating toxic chemicals, collectively referred to as toxic chemical governance. To do so, we create a conceptual framework covering five key domains of governance: knowledge production, policy design, monitoring and enforcement, evaluation, and adjudication. Within each domain, social actors of varying power negotiate what constitutes acceptable risk, creating longer-term path dependencies in how they are addressed (or not). Using existing literature and five case studies, we discuss four paths for improving governance: evolving paradigms of harm, addressing bias in the knowledge base, making governance more equitable, and overcoming path dependency.

Plant Protection Issues. I. A Commentary on New Weeds in the United States

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy G. Westbrooks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
National Initiative ◽  
Foreign Commerce ◽  
Introduced Weeds

New or recently introduced weeds are biological pollutants in our natural and agricultural ecosystems. Unlike chemical pollutants, new weeds left unchecked often proliferate and pose problems that may not become apparent until eradication is too expensive or impractical. Management strategies for weeds should include: 1. prevention (from entering foreign commerce); 2. exclusion (detection of weed contaminants in imported products at ports of entry); 3. detection, containment, and eradication of incipient infestations; and 4. perpetual control (of widespread species that cannot otherwise be addressed). Appropriate legislative authority, modern weed technology, funding, and a renewed commitment to the concept of prevention are needed to prevent the introduction of new weeds. A national initiative to prevent the establishment of new weeds would be beneficial by saving on future losses and perpetual control costs. Actions taken now will prevent the continued introduction and spread of new weeds in the United States.

International harmonization of models for selecting less toxic chemical alternatives: Effect of regulatory disparities in the United States and Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W Lam ◽  
Muskilda P Aguirre ◽  
Karsten Schischke ◽  
Nils F Nissen ◽  
Oladele A Ogunseitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
International Harmonization

The Niagara Labyrinth — The Human Ecology of Producing Organochlorine Chemicals

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1681-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
St Lawrence River

Organochlorine chemical production, by United States chemical manufacturers, has resulted in severe contamination of the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River and of Canadian resources by transboundary pollution. In 1978, Canada and the United States signed the second Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement which was designed to overcome toxic chemical as well as eutrophication problems. This paper is a review of the effectiveness of the implementation of the provisions of the 1978 Agreement concerning toxic chemicals. To aid with organization of the material the sociological framework of human ecology has been employed. To focus the discussion on the more important facets, the critical pathway analysis methodology, developed for radiation protection, has been used.

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