scholarly journals Clarifying the roles of schizotypy and psychopathic traits in lexical decision performance

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100224
Author(s):  
Martina Vanova ◽  
Luke Aldridge-Waddon ◽  
Ben Jennings ◽  
Leonie Elbers ◽  
Ignazio Puzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Decision Performance

Effects of Caffeine on Lexical Decision Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Edward J. Petruso ◽  
Mark V. Gentry ◽  
Matthew R. Lemming ◽  
Charles J. Meliska
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Decision Performance

Performance Differences Between Native and Non-Native Speakers on a New Happy–Sad Executive Function Measure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boji P W Lam ◽  
Zenzi M Griffin ◽  
Thomas P Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Test Administration ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Function Measure

Abstract Objective The happy–sad task adapts the classic day–night task by incorporating two early acquired emotional concepts (“happy” and “sad”) and demonstrates elevated inhibitory demands for native speakers. The task holds promise as a new executive function measure for assessing inhibitory control across the lifespan, but no studies have examined the influence of language of test administration on performance. Method Seventy adult native English speakers and 50 non-native speakers completed the computerized day–night and the new happy–sad tasks administered in English. In two conditions, participants were categorized pictorial stimuli either in a congruent manner (“happy” for a happy face) or in a more challenging, incongruent manner (“sad” for a happy face). Lexical decision performance was obtained to estimate levels of English language proficiency. Results Native speakers and non-native speakers performed comparably except for the critical incongruent condition of the happy–sad task, where native speakers responded more slowly. A greater congruency effect for the happy–sad task was found for native than for non-native speakers. Lexical decision performance was associated with performance on the challenging incongruent conditions. Conclusion This study reinforced the usefulness of the happy–sad task as a new measure in evaluating inhibitory control in adult native-speakers. However, the language of test administration needs to be considered in assessment because it may lead to performance differences between native and non-native speakers.

Emphasizing Nonword Decisions in Word-Decision Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
C. Darren Piercey
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

A robust finding in the lexical decision literature is that decisions to words are made more quickly and accurately than decisions to nonwords. When instructions are presented to participants prior to an experiment, an emphasis is usually placed on identifying words. This study assessed whether instructing participants to emphasize nonword decisions would affect the performance of the speed and accuracy of identification. A total of 98 individuals took part, 49 in a Word Instruction condition and 49 in a Nonword Instruction condition. Analysis indicated changes in emphasis on words versus nonwords decreased the difference in mean reaction time between word and nonword decisions. An interesting finding is that the manipulation of instructions affected reaction times to words but not to nonwords. The analysis of accuracy yielded no significant comparisons. Further research is required to assess the importance of the finding that the manipulation of instructions affects only word decisions.

scholarly journals The Chinese Lexicon Project: A megastudy of lexical decision performance for 25,000+ traditional Chinese two-character compound words

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1503-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Shing Tse ◽  
Melvin J. Yap ◽  
Yuen-Lai Chan ◽  
Wei Ping Sze ◽  
Cyrus Shaoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Decision Performance

Examining word processing via a megastudy of conditional reading aloud

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2295-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Cortese ◽  
Mark Yates ◽  
Jocelyn Schock ◽  
Lizete Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Monosyllabic Words

Results from a megastudy on conditional reading aloud for 2,145 monosyllabic words are reported. In stepwise regression analyses, the predictor variables accounted for over 66% of the reaction time (RT) variance. Linear mixed effect modelling on log RT indicated that every variable that related to RT in either reading aloud or lexical decision also related to RT in conditional reading aloud. Notably, differences among tasks were observed. Specifically, lexical decision showed stronger reliance on semantic information than the other two tasks, but conditional reading aloud also showed strong reliance on semantic information. Interestingly, feedback consistency affected reading aloud and conditional reading but not lexical decision. Pairwise correlations revealed that conditional reading aloud performance showed moderately strong relationships to lexical decision and reading aloud performance, whereas reading aloud and lexical decision performance were weakly related to each other. Conditional reading aloud produces reliable data that can be used to examine word processing. Theoretical challenges moving forward include how to best conceptualise and model processes involved in this task.

Disentangling Context Availability and Concreteness in Lexical Decision and Word Translation

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet G. van Hell ◽  
Annette M. B. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Dual Coding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Concreteness Effect ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Context Availability ◽  
Bilingual Processing ◽  
Concrete Words

This study examines contrasting predictions of the dual coding theory and the context availability hypothesis regarding concreteness effects in monolingual and bilingual lexical processing. In three experiments, concreteness was controlled for or confounded with rated context availability. In the first experiment, bilingual subjects performed lexical decision in their native language (Dutch, L1). In the second experiment, lexical decision performance of bilinguals in their second language (English, L2) was examined. In the third experiment, bilinguals translated words “forwards” (from L1 to L2) or “backwards” (from L2 to L1). Both monolingual and bilingual tasks showed a concreteness effect when concreteness was confounded with context availability. However, concreteness effects disappeared when abstract and concrete words were matched on context availability, and even occasionally reversed. Implications of these results for theories that account for concreteness effects, particulary in bilingual processing, are discussed.

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