Membrane aging effects on water recovery during full-scale potable reuse: Mathematical optimization of backwashing frequency for constant-flux microfiltration

2022 ◽  
pp. 120294
Author(s):  
N.G. Cogan ◽  
Deniz Ozturk ◽  
Kenneth Ishida ◽  
Jana Safarik ◽  
Shankararaman Chellam
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Constant Flux

Advancing indirect potable reuse in California

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wetterau ◽  
R. B. Chalmers ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
W. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Publicly Supported

While indirect potable reuse (IPR) has been used in southern California (USA) since the 1970s, the commissioning of the 265-megalitre-per-day Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) in Orange County (California) showed the region's commitment to utilizing reuse as a major source of potable water augmentation. The treatment process used at GWRS has become the benchmark on which California regulations were based and which other IPR facilities are measured against. As the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego move forward with their own IPR programs, they have commissioned pilot-scale and demonstration-scale projects to build on the lessons learned at the GWRS and to aid in developing future projects that are efficient, effective, and publicly supported. This paper will discuss the technical approaches being evaluated in these projects and the lessons learned in the operation of the existing full-scale facilities.

Optimization of a Membrane-Aerated Biological Reactor in Preparation for a Full Scale Integrated Water Recovery Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Christenson ◽  
Audra Morse ◽  
William A. Jackson ◽  
Karen Pickering ◽  
Daniel J. Barta
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Recovery Test

Quantitative assessment of the removal of indicator bacteria in full-scale treatment plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.M. Hijnen ◽  
G.J. Medema ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Micro Organisms

The elimination of thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) in full-scale water treatment was determined by large volume sampling. The objective was to determine the elimination capacity of full-scale treatment processes for micro-organisms, both vegetative bacteria and bacterial spores. In two short-periods in winter and summer, information was collected about the elimination of Coli44 and SSRC by the overall treatment, the contribution of the unit processes and the variability in elimination. Coli44 concentrations in the source waters were reduced by 3.2 to 6.3 log to an average concentration sufficiently low to achieve more than 99% compliance with the drinking water standard. The elimination of SSRC was lower (1.4 to 4.2) and SSRC were observed occasionally (>1%) in finished water by the routine weekly sampling of 100 ml samples. The study also yielded much information about the elimination efficacy of unit processes at the different locations, which enables process optimization and improved process control. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this quantitative information on removal of indicator bacteria by full-scale treatment systems can be used as input for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Further research will be focussed on comparative studies on the removal of faecal indicators and pathogens by unit processes and the improvement of the enumeration methods of pathogens in the source water (recovery efficiencies, specificity).

Rouse Hill – Australia's first full scale domestic non-potable reuse application

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B. Law
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
Potable Reuse

There has been increasing interest in reuse of effluent from sewage treatment plants in Australia in recent years, not only for agricultural or land irrigation purposes but also for the provision of dual water supplies to residential areas for the non-potable purposes of toilet flushing, car washing, garden watering and park or other open space irrigation. The Rouse Hill development in the north west of Sydney is Australia's first full scale application of domestic non-potable reuse, with the sewage treatment plant and the dual water distribution system being commissioned in late 1994. This paper describes the Rouse Hill project as a whole including the reasoning behind the installation of the dual water supply system, the design of the sewage treatment plant, the effluent qualities achieved, the design of the dual water distribution system and the requirements of the regulatory authority, the NSW Environmental Protection Authority.

scholarly journals Biofouling reduction for improvement of depth water filtration. Filter production and testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sztuk - Sikorska ◽  
Leon Gradon
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Fibrous Filter ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Filter Performance

AbstractWater is a strategic material. Recycling is an important component of balancing its use. Deep-bed filtration is an inexpensive purification method and seems to be very effective in spreading water recovery. Good filter designs, such as the fibrous filter, have high separation efficiency, low resistance for the up-flowing fluid and high retention capacity. However, one of the substantial problems of this process is the biofouling of the filter. Biofouling causes clogging and greatly reduces the life of the filter. Therefore, the melt-blown technique was used for the formation of novel antibacterial fibrous filters. Such filters are made of polypropylene composites with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface. These components act as inhibitors of bacterial growth in the filter and were tested in laboratory and full scale experiments. Antibacterial/bacteriostatic tests were performed on Petri dishes with E. coli and B. subtilis. Full scale experiments were performed on natural river water, which contained abiotic particles and mutualistic bacteria. The filter performance at industrial scale conditions was measured using a particle counter, a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. The results of the experiments indicate a significant improvement of the composite filter performance compared to the regular fibrous filter. The differences were mostly due to a reduction in the biofouling effect.

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