Contrasting Finished Water Stabilization Approaches at Two Full-Scale Indirect Potable Reuse Plants

While indirect potable reuse (IPR) has been used in southern California (USA) since the 1970s, the commissioning of the 265-megalitre-per-day Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) in Orange County (California) showed the region's commitment to utilizing reuse as a major source of potable water augmentation. The treatment process used at GWRS has become the benchmark on which California regulations were based and which other IPR facilities are measured against. As the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego move forward with their own IPR programs, they have commissioned pilot-scale and demonstration-scale projects to build on the lessons learned at the GWRS and to aid in developing future projects that are efficient, effective, and publicly supported. This paper will discuss the technical approaches being evaluated in these projects and the lessons learned in the operation of the existing full-scale facilities.

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Treatment of Trace Organic Compounds by Membrane Processes: At the Lake Arrowhead Water Reuse Pilot Plant

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0603 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (4-5) ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bruno B. Levine ◽

Kapal Madireddi ◽

Valentina Lazarova ◽

Michael K. Stenstrom ◽

Mel Suffet

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Potable Reuse ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Neutral Compounds ◽

Indirect Potable Reuse ◽

Trace Organic

Organic and trace organic performance data for ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) at the Lake Arrowhead water reclamation pilot plant are analyzed to determine the treatment efficiency of these processes in an indirect potable reuse design. Four organic parameters were studied: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254), SUVA and base neutral analysis (BNA). UF and NF removed the larger compounds from the influent, but had no significant impact on the base neutral fraction with the exception of sterols. The RO process removed DOC and UV-absorbance compounds from the effluent to their respective detection limits. Base neutral compounds were significantly removed by RO, leaving at extremely low concentrations small molecular weight compounds, indicating indirect potable reuse is technically feasible.

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An Australian perspective on DPR: technologies, sustainability and community acceptance

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2015.180 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 355-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ian B. Law

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Recent Work ◽

Western Australia ◽

Community Education ◽

Water Recycling ◽

Potable Reuse ◽

Community Acceptance ◽

Indirect Potable Reuse ◽

Direct Potable Reuse

Australia has had guidelines in place for water recycling (for all uses other than potable reuse) since 2006. These guidelines were extended in May 2008 to cover potable reuse and have since been applied to two potable reuse schemes – one in Brisbane (Queensland) in 2011 and the second in Perth (Western Australia) in 2013. These guidelines cover both indirect potable reuse and direct potable reuse (DPR) and outline the steps that must be followed in the planning and validation of such schemes. This paper summarizes: (i) recent work carried out in Australia on treatment trains and technologies suitable for DPR; (ii) sustainability considerations of DPR and how it compares with other water supply options; and (iii) developments in community education and engagement in the potable reuse space.

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