scholarly journals Biofouling reduction for improvement of depth water filtration. Filter production and testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sztuk - Sikorska ◽  
Leon Gradon
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Fibrous Filter ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Filter Performance

AbstractWater is a strategic material. Recycling is an important component of balancing its use. Deep-bed filtration is an inexpensive purification method and seems to be very effective in spreading water recovery. Good filter designs, such as the fibrous filter, have high separation efficiency, low resistance for the up-flowing fluid and high retention capacity. However, one of the substantial problems of this process is the biofouling of the filter. Biofouling causes clogging and greatly reduces the life of the filter. Therefore, the melt-blown technique was used for the formation of novel antibacterial fibrous filters. Such filters are made of polypropylene composites with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface. These components act as inhibitors of bacterial growth in the filter and were tested in laboratory and full scale experiments. Antibacterial/bacteriostatic tests were performed on Petri dishes with E. coli and B. subtilis. Full scale experiments were performed on natural river water, which contained abiotic particles and mutualistic bacteria. The filter performance at industrial scale conditions was measured using a particle counter, a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. The results of the experiments indicate a significant improvement of the composite filter performance compared to the regular fibrous filter. The differences were mostly due to a reduction in the biofouling effect.

Phosphorus removal by apatite in horizontal flow constructed wetlands for small communities: pilot and full-scale evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harouiya ◽  
S. Martin Rue ◽  
S. Prost-Boucle ◽  
A. Liénar ◽  
D. Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Apatite Mineral ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
P Removal

Phosphorus (P) removals in constructed wetlands (CWs) have received particular attention in recent decades by using specific materials which promote adsorption/precipitation mechanisms. Recent studies have shown interest in using apatite materials to promote P precipitation onto the particle surface. As previous trials were mainly done by lab experiments, this present study aims to evaluate the real potential of apatites to remove P from wastewater in pilot units and a full-scale plant over a 2 year period. P retention kinetics of two qualities of apatites are presented and discussed. In this work apatite appears to have high retention capacity (>80% of P removal) and is still an interesting way for P removal in CWs for limiting the risk of eutrophication downstream of small communities. Nevertheless, the apatite quality appears to be of great importance for a reliable and long term P removal. The use of materials with low content of apatite mineral (40–50%) seems to be not economically relevant.

Effect of Sisal Fiber Surface Treatments on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Lei Gan ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Chang Hai Yi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Debonding Process

Abstract: The Interface of sisal fiber which was treated by using alkali, potassium permanganate, atmospheric plasma and silane reinforced polypropylene composites were investigated by single fiber pull-out testes and surface morphology were studied. The results indicated that the morphological changes observed on the sisal fiber surface were obviously evident. Untreated, permanganate and plasma treated sisal fiber reinforced PP show a stable debonding process. Silane treated sisal fiber reinforced PP show an unstable debonding process. Single fiber pull-out tests indicated that the IFSS value was in the order of FIB < FIBKMnO4 < FIBP < FIBKH-550 < FIBKH-570. As can be seen from surface morphology of pull-out fiber, a little of PP resin was adhered to the pull-out FIB, FIBKMnO4, FIBP of sisal fiber. In contrast, PP resin at the surface of pull-out fiber was flaked off and sisal fibril was drawn out from sisal fiber were observed from pull-out fibers of FIBKH-550 and FIBKH-570.

Dynamic Behavior of Intermittent Buried Filters

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boiler ◽  
A. Schwager ◽  
J. Eugster ◽  
V. Mottier
Keyword(s):  
Filter Material ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Unsaturated Media ◽  
Coarse Filter ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Buried filters were investigated experimentally in pilot and full scale as typical on-site treatment for small wastewater flows. The filters were operated by intermittent flushing which causes the water and the pollutant transport through the unsaturated media to be of a highly dynamic nature. Water transport and tracer studies at low and high hydraulic flush loads revealed frequent flushing at low loads to be superior to less frequent flushing at high loads for treatment of the same daily amount of wastewater. These findings were confirmed in a full scale plant through monitoring of the dynamic washout of unoxidized matter in terms of COD and NH4+ after application of different hydraulic loads. The moisture retention capacity of the filter media correlated to the grain size distribution was found to be an important parameter. COD-removal and nitrification rates depend strongly on the oxygen supply to the media. In general, the oxygen diffusion into the media and the air exchange, induced by intermittent flushing, are sufficient. However, when applying relatively large hydraulic loads and coarse filter grains, especially in the range above 1 mm, buried filters tend to larger breakthroughs of unoxidized matter due to short retention times and instantaneous lack of oxygen. Experiments on average treatment performance were carried out and showed that under optimized conditions even wastewaters containing relatively high ammonia contents (150 gNH4+-N/m3) can be fully nitrified when limestone type filter material is used. Full scale operation revealed further that careful pre-treatment (e.g. septic tank) for the removal of most of the suspended solids is necessary to guarantee safe operation.

THE INFLUENCE OF ACCUMULATED LIQUID ON FIBROUS FILTER PERFORMANCE

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Raynor ◽  
David Leith
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Filter ◽  
Filter Performance

Effects of fiber-surface modification on the properties of bamboo flour/polypropylene composites and their interfacial compatibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Baodong Zhu ◽  
Dongling Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Bamboo Flour

Abstract This work aimed to study the effects of different surface treatments on the morphologies and thermo-mechanical properties of the bamboo flour/polypropylene (BF/PP) composites, which were prepared by melt blending with 15 wt% of filler load. The BF was first pretreated with 10 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 4 h, after which the pre-treated BF was modified by stearic acid and silane. The chemical structure of the treated BF fibers was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results showed that alkali treatment efficiently removed hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Moreover, stearic acid and silane were successfully introduced to the BF surface through chemical bonding. The changes in heat stability of BF investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the presence of treatment contributes to a better thermal stability for BF fibers. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of BF/PP composites displayed not only better dispersion of treated-BF in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, but also improved fiber-matrix interfacial compatibility, especially when silane treatment was used. Accordingly, the mechanical properties improved significantly in the presence of treated-BF.

Optimization of a Membrane-Aerated Biological Reactor in Preparation for a Full Scale Integrated Water Recovery Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Christenson ◽  
Audra Morse ◽  
William A. Jackson ◽  
Karen Pickering ◽  
Daniel J. Barta
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Recovery Test

Quantitative assessment of the removal of indicator bacteria in full-scale treatment plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.M. Hijnen ◽  
G.J. Medema ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Micro Organisms

The elimination of thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) in full-scale water treatment was determined by large volume sampling. The objective was to determine the elimination capacity of full-scale treatment processes for micro-organisms, both vegetative bacteria and bacterial spores. In two short-periods in winter and summer, information was collected about the elimination of Coli44 and SSRC by the overall treatment, the contribution of the unit processes and the variability in elimination. Coli44 concentrations in the source waters were reduced by 3.2 to 6.3 log to an average concentration sufficiently low to achieve more than 99% compliance with the drinking water standard. The elimination of SSRC was lower (1.4 to 4.2) and SSRC were observed occasionally (&gt;1%) in finished water by the routine weekly sampling of 100 ml samples. The study also yielded much information about the elimination efficacy of unit processes at the different locations, which enables process optimization and improved process control. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this quantitative information on removal of indicator bacteria by full-scale treatment systems can be used as input for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Further research will be focussed on comparative studies on the removal of faecal indicators and pathogens by unit processes and the improvement of the enumeration methods of pathogens in the source water (recovery efficiencies, specificity).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document