Advancing indirect potable reuse in California

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wetterau ◽  
R. B. Chalmers ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
W. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Publicly Supported

While indirect potable reuse (IPR) has been used in southern California (USA) since the 1970s, the commissioning of the 265-megalitre-per-day Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) in Orange County (California) showed the region's commitment to utilizing reuse as a major source of potable water augmentation. The treatment process used at GWRS has become the benchmark on which California regulations were based and which other IPR facilities are measured against. As the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego move forward with their own IPR programs, they have commissioned pilot-scale and demonstration-scale projects to build on the lessons learned at the GWRS and to aid in developing future projects that are efficient, effective, and publicly supported. This paper will discuss the technical approaches being evaluated in these projects and the lessons learned in the operation of the existing full-scale facilities.

Solving fecal coliform growth/reactivation in biosolids during full-scale post-digestion processes

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Iranpour ◽  
R. Palacios ◽  
H.H.J. Cox ◽  
V. Abkian
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Plant Conversion ◽  
Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
The City

Fecal coliform recurrence has been observed at the City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant during pilot-scale experiments with a designated thermophilic battery of six anaerobic digesters, while other digesters were still at a mesophilic temperature. Several lab and full-scale experiments indicated the following possible causes of the growth/reactivation of fecal coliforms in post-digestion: a) contamination of thermophilically digested biosolids with mesophilically digested biosolids; b) a large drop in the biosolids temperature between the centrifuges and silos, which could have allowed the reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliforms. These were resolved by the full plant conversion to thermophilic anaerobic digestion and design modifications of the post-digestion train.

Wastewater Treatment Technologies Accomplished in a Pseudofluidized Bed Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2501-2504
Author(s):  
M. Y. Kigel ◽  
J. F. Shultis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Total Residence Time

A pseudofluidized bed reactor has been developed and successfully used with the purpose of water and wastewater treatment based on both biological and physical-chemical processes. The reactor was tested in a full-scale industrial facility for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater. Major reactor's process and hydraulic components were also investigated for the removal of chromium from ground water. Combined simultaneous biological and chemical treatment was tested to remove organic as well as inorganic contaminants. The reactor provides accomplishment of several process phases proceeding in one apparatus unit including oxygen transfer to water, mixing, gas bubbles removal, creation of pseudofluidized beds, internal recirculation, and liquid/solid phase separation. Hydraulic conditions for the pseudofluidization regime were investigated in a three-column pilot-scale unit then checked in a 1-gpm (0.0631 L/s) reactor prototype. Treatment process parameters were investigated in continuous operation of a 1.5-gpm (0.1 L/s) full-scale facility based on a symbiotic (algae and activated sludge) biological treatment process modification. The obtained results allowed 40 - 50% decrease in total residence time of reaction and phase separation processes.

Long-Range Planning for Water Reuse in the City of Los Angeles

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Near Term

While new sources of affordable potable water for Los Angeles will likely decrease or be unavailable in the future, sources of readily usable reclaimed water will double over the next decade. For many non-potable uses (e.g., landscape irrigation, industrial cooling, toilet flushing), reclaimed water can replace potable water, thereby making equivalent volumes of potable water available. Groundwater recharge with reclaimed water can further augment potable water supplies in significant volumes. Quantitative goals for water reuse were derived by comparing projected water demands with predicted dependable supplies. These goals are to reuse 40, 70, and 80 percent of the total effluent by the years 2010, 2050, and 2090, respectively. In this planning study, several water reuse concepts were evaluated for near-, mid-, and long-term application. For the near-term, several immediately implementable water reuse projects are recommended, involving landscape irrigation, industrial cooling and groundwater recharge. For the mid-term, massive groundwater recharge in San Fernando Valley and in Central and West Coast Basins is recommended. For the long-term, potable reuse and/or groundwater recharge appear to be the best options.

VolturnUS 1:8-Scale FRP Floating Wind Turbine Tower: Analysis, Design, Testing and Performance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Young ◽  
Steve Hettick ◽  
Habib J. Dagher ◽  
Anthony M. Viselli ◽  
Andrew J. Goupee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbine Tower ◽  
Analysis Design

In May of 2013 the VolturnUS 1:8 floating semi-submersible wind turbine was successfully deployed off the coast of Castine, Maine, making the unit the first grid connected offshore turbine in the United States. The VolturnUS 1:8 structure features a 20 kW turbine, a post-tensioned and reinforced concrete semi-submersible base and a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) tower (E-glass and polyester resin). The VolturnUS 1:8 structure is a geometrically 1:8-scale of a 6 MW floating turbine design and is used to demonstrate the feasibility of both the concrete base and FRP tower and validate the performance of the structure in a scaled environment. Data collected from the deployed 1:8-scale structure will be used for modeling and simulating the behavior of the system at full-scale. The effort was led by the University of Maine’s Advanced Structures and Composites Center (UMaine) and a consortium of industry partners, including FRP manufacturer Ershigs, Inc. An overview of the process and methodology used in the analysis, design and testing of the 1:8 scale FRP floating wind turbine tower is presented. The use of an FRP tower on a floating wind turbine platform offers the benefits of reduced tower mass and maintenance requirements and has the potential to further reduce hull mass by lowering the global center of gravity of the structure. An FRP tower for use on the UMaine semi-submersible concrete VolturnUS 1:8 platform was developed that meets all strength and serviceability criteria and is robust enough to withstand the loading from both wind and waves. An overview of the tower loads analysis and FAST modeling, tower structural design, structural proof testing and preliminary analysis of performance are presented. The VolturnUS 1:8 wind turbine tower is the first time FRP materials have been used in an offshore wind tower application. Further, the methodologies and procedures that were developed in the design of the pilot-scale tower are directly applicable to the design and analysis of composite wind turbine towers at the full-scale level. These “lessons learned” are already in use as Ershigs and UMaine work to design a full-scale composite tower over 80 meters tall for use on the VolturnUS platform with a 6MW wind turbine. The results of the 1:8-scale program demonstrate the successful use of an FRP wind turbine tower on a floating platform and highlights the potential for the use of an FRP tower at the full-scale (6 MW) level.

Towards indirect potable reuse in South East Queensland

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Traves ◽  
E. A. Gardner ◽  
B. Dennien ◽  
D. Spiller
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse

Faced with limited water supply options in the longer term and the worst drought on record in the short term, the Queensland Government is constructing the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project which will supply up to 182 ML/day of purified recycled water for industrial and potable purposes. The project is one of a suite of capital works projects in progress which in the longer term will supply up to 10% of the region's potable water supply.

Pilot-Scale Testing of a High Recovery NF/RO Integrated Treatment System for Indirect Potable Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (14) ◽  
pp. 3019-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mansell ◽  
Philip Ackman ◽  
Chi-Chung Tang ◽  
Philip Friess ◽  
Paul Fu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse

Pilot Scale Testing of a New Radium-226 Removal Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
W.B. Anderson ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
T.M.R. Meadley ◽  
T.P. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
New Process ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract This paper describes the on-going pilot scale development of a new treatment process designed to remove radium-226 from uranium milling effluents. Presently, decants from Canadian uranium mining and milling tailings areas are treated with barium chloride to remove radium-226 prior to discharge into the environment. This is usually accomplished in large natural or man-made ponds which provide an opportunity for a (Ba,Ra)SO4 precipitate to form and subsequently settle. Sand filtration is sometimes used as a polishing step. This new process differs from conventional and other experimental processes in that it involves the use of a fluidized bed to facilitate the deposition of a (Ba,Ra)SO4 precipitate on a granular medium of high surface area. As a stand-alone treatment process, the new process is consistently able to reduce incoming radium-226 activity levels by 90-99%. Effluent levels of 10 pCi/L (0.370 Bq/L) or less have been achieved, depending on the influent activity levels. Recent testing of the process as a polishing step has demonstrated radium removal efficiencies up to 60% when the process influent was already less than 5 pCi/L (0.185 Bq/L). The process has been operated at temperatures ranging from 26°C down to 0.3°C with no reduction in efficiency. In contrast to treatment times in the order of days for conventional settling pond systems and hours for mechanical stirred tank/filtration systems, the new process is able to achieve these radium removal efficiencies in times on the order of one minute.

Treatment of Trace Organic Compounds by Membrane Processes: At the Lake Arrowhead Water Reuse Pilot Plant

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Levine ◽  
Kapal Madireddi ◽  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Michael K. Stenstrom ◽  
Mel Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Neutral Compounds ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Trace Organic

Organic and trace organic performance data for ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) at the Lake Arrowhead water reclamation pilot plant are analyzed to determine the treatment efficiency of these processes in an indirect potable reuse design. Four organic parameters were studied: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254), SUVA and base neutral analysis (BNA). UF and NF removed the larger compounds from the influent, but had no significant impact on the base neutral fraction with the exception of sterols. The RO process removed DOC and UV-absorbance compounds from the effluent to their respective detection limits. Base neutral compounds were significantly removed by RO, leaving at extremely low concentrations small molecular weight compounds, indicating indirect potable reuse is technically feasible.

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