scholarly journals Sleep EEG characteristics associated with sleep onset misperception

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke W.A. Hermans ◽  
Tim R. Leufkens ◽  
Merel M. van Gilst ◽  
Tim Weysen ◽  
Marco Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Eeg

Efficacy of the Sequential Administration of Melatonin, Hydroxyzine, and Chloral Hydrate for Recording Sleep EEGs in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Dirani ◽  
Wassim Nasreddine ◽  
Jawad Melhem ◽  
Maher Arabi ◽  
Ahmad Beydoun
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Substantial Saving ◽  
Comparator Group ◽  
Medical Clearance ◽  
Sequential Administration ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Sedation of children for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is often required. Chloral hydrate (CH) requires medical clearance and continuous monitoring. To try to reduce personnel and time resources associated with CH administration, a new sedation policy was formulated. This study included all children who underwent an EEG during a consecutive 3-month period following the implementation of the new sedation policy, which consists of the sequential administration of melatonin, hydroxyzine (if needed), and CH (if needed). The comparator group included all children with a recorded EEG during a consecutive 3-month period when the sedation policy consisted of the sole administration of CH. A total of 803 children with a mean age of 7.9 years (SD = 5.1, range = 0.5-17.7 years) were included. Sleep EEG recordings were obtained in 364 of 385 children (94.6%) using the old sedation policy and in 409 of 418 children (97.9%) using the new one. With the new sedation policy, the percentage of children requiring CH dropped from 37.1% to 6.7% ( P < .001). Time to sleep onset and duration of sleep were not significantly different between the 2 policies. The new sedation policy was very well tolerated. The new sedation policy is very safe, is highly efficacious in obtaining sleep EEG recordings, and will result in substantial saving of time and personnel resources.

Sleep Electroencephalography in Depressive Illness a Collaborative Study by the World Health Organization

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Myriam Kerkhofs
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities

Eight WHO research centres from Europe, North America and Asia took part in a WHO study aimed at assessing the reliability and consistency of sleep-EEG abnormalities in major depression. Each centre was asked to include in the study ten depressed patients aged 20–65 years meeting the Research Diagnostic Criteria for a major depressive disorder, and to match them by age and gender with ten controls. There were 67 patients and 66 controls included in the study. Compared with controls, depressed patients showed sleep-continuity disturbances such as increase in sleep-onset latency, and decrease in total sleep time and in sleep efficiency. Stages 2 and 3, as percentages of total sleep time, were reduced in depressed patients, REM latency was shortened and REM density increased. These findings confirm the presence of specific sleep-EEG abnormalities in major depression.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin and Triclofos for Inducing Adequate Sedation for Sleep Electroencephalogram in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek K. Panda ◽  
Pragnya Panda ◽  
Lesa Dawman ◽  
Indar K. Sharawat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Adequate Sedation

Abstract Introduction Triclofos and melatonin are commonly used oral sedatives in children for obtaining a sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) record. There has been no systematic review till now to compare the efficacy and safety of these two medications. Objectives The review intended to compare the efficacy of oral triclofos and melatonin in children <18 years of age for inducing adequate sedation for obtaining a sleep EEG record. We also attempted to compare the adverse effects, impact on EEG record, the yield of epileptiform abnormalities, and sleep onset latency in both groups. Methods A systematic search was conducted on “MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar” till November 30, 2020, with the following keywords/the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms while searching: “sleep EEG,” “electroencephalogram,” “triclofos,” “melatonin” OR “ramelteon” AND “epilepsy,” “seizure,” OR “convulsion.” ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tool was used to determine the risk of bias. To assess heterogeneity in studies, Higgins and Thompson's I 2 method was utilized. When I 2 was more than 50%, a random effects model was utilized and a fixed-effect model was used for other parameters. To assess the presence of publication bias, Egger's test was used. Results For describing the efficacy of triclofos in 1,284 and melatonin in 1,532 children, we selected 16 articles. The indirect comparison between the pooled estimate of all children receiving individual medications revealed comparable efficacy in obtaining successful sleep EEG record with a single dose (90 vs. 76%, p = 0.058) and repeat dose (p = 0.054), detection of epileptiform abnormalities (p = 0.06), and sleep onset latency (p = 0.06), but more proportion of children receiving triclofos had adverse effects (p = 0.001) and duration of sleep was also higher with triclofos (p = 0.001). Conclusion Efficacy of triclofos and melatonin are comparable in inducing sleep for recording EEG in children, although triclofos is more likely to cause adverse effects. However, the level of evidence is low for this conclusion and the weak strength of recommendation for the results of this review is likely to change in the future after completion of controlled trials exploring these two medications.

332 Non-REM EEG Spectral Power at Baseline and After Total Sleep Deprivation in Individuals with Sleep-Onset Insomnia

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A133-A133
Author(s):  
Myles Finlay ◽  
Devon Hansen ◽  
Lillian Skeiky ◽  
Hans Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis

Abstract Introduction The baseline non-REM sleep EEG of individuals with insomnia has been found to display increased spectral power at frequencies &gt;14Hz, which may reflect hyperarousal. There is some evidence in this population of reduced slow wave activity after total sleep deprivation (TSD), potentially indicating altered sleep homeostasis. We investigated non-REM sleep EEG spectra at baseline and after TSD in individuals with sleep-onset insomnia. Methods 10 individuals with sleep-onset insomnia and 5 healthy controls (ages 22-40y, 11 females) completed a 5-day laboratory study with an adaptation night, baseline night, assignment to 38h TSD (n=5 insomnia, n=5 control) or equivalent non-TSD control (n=5 insomnia), and recovery night. Sleep periods were 10h (22:00-08:00) with digital polysomnography (250Hz; Nihon Kohden). Following artifact rejection, 5s subepochs of the non-REM (stages N2, N3) sleep EEG (C3-M2 derivation) in baseline and recovery nights were subjected to spectral analysis. Spectra (0.2Hz bins) were averaged over subepochs in 30s epochs. Repeated-measures ANOVA compared baseline spectra between insomnia and controls, and baseline-recovery difference spectra between TSD insomnia, non-TSD insomnia, and TSD controls. Results Average non-REM sleep amount was 5.9 at baseline, increasing by 1.1h after TSD, with no differences between groups (p≥0.20). At baseline, the insomnia group showed increased power in theta/alpha (~4–12Hz), reaching significance in the lower spindle range, compared to controls (p&lt;0.05). As anticipated, no differences emerged between baseline and recovery nights in the non-TSD insomnia group. However, the TSD insomnia group showed increased delta (~1–3Hz) and theta/alpha (~6–10Hz) power (p&lt;0.05) during recovery. Healthy controls showed expected power increases in delta and lower spindle range, and decreases in upper spindle range (~14–15Hz), after TSD (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Compared to healthy controls, individuals with sleep-onset insomnia showed increased non-REM sleep EEG power in the theta/alpha bands and low spindle frequency range, with further significant increases in theta/alpha in addition to delta power following TSD, despite small sample size. The increase in delta power following TSD was equivalent to that in healthy controls, suggesting no sleep homeostasis abnormality. Whether the elevated theta/alpha power may be related to hyperarousal is unclear. Support (if any) ONR grant N00014-13-C-0063

scholarly journals 0937 The Evaluation of Brain Maturation by REM Sleep Analyses During Puberty Using Fast Fourier Transform

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A356-A356
Author(s):  
M Lopes ◽  
S Roizenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Delta Power

Abstract Introduction Brain maturation has been associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There is a higher delta power during sleep in the first decade of the human EEG and this fact might be related to puberty period. Most studies assessed EEG during wakefulness and NREM sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the REM sleep EEG spectral analysis across puberty. Methods Twenty healthy children were studied. They were divided into two groups: early puberty (n=10, ageranging from 6 to 12) and late puberty (n=10, age= ranging from 13 to 18). Polysomnography was performed in 2 nights, one for adaptation purpose. The Tanner scales were obtained and exclusion criteria were the presence of sleep and daytime complaints at least 14 days before recruitment. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed in C3-A2 derivation throughout all night. The FFT was calculated in 4s windows and the mean of delta (0.5-2.0 Hz), delta 2 (2.0-4.0 Hz), theta (4.0-8.0 Hz), alpha (8.0 - 12.0 Hz), sigma (12.0-16.0 Hz) and beta (16.0 - 20.0 Hz) were obtained. Results We found differences during NREM and REM sleep between two groups (U-test, p&lt;0.05). In REM sleep, the delta 2 (U-test, p=0.02)and theta power were higher in early puberty group (U-test p=0.04). The delta power correlated negatively with the duration in minutes of stage 1 (rs=-0.46 p&lt;0.05), and the wake time after sleep onset (rs=-0.48, p&lt;0.05) and correlated positively with sleep efficiency (rs=0.45, p&lt;0.05). Theta power during REM sleep also correlated positively with N3 sleep stage (rs=0.45, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The REM sleep can be an extremely useful biomarker of brain function for future therapeutic protocols. The present results suggest that there are changes in REM sleep EEG throughout puberty, and that they may be related to puberty brain maturation. The hormone therapy may have an action in the REM behavioral Sleep Disorder. Future studies are need to evaluate this hypothesis. Support N/A

scholarly journals P114 The effect of light interventions on sleep macro- and micro-architecture in sleep and circadian rhythm disorders: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A58-A59
Author(s):  
T Pun ◽  
C Phillips ◽  
N Marshall ◽  
M Comas ◽  
C Hoyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Effect Of Light ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Abstract Introduction Light interventions have been used to treat sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. However, there are limited studies on the effect of light on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of research using light intervention on sleep macro- and micro-architecture. Methods We searched for randomised controlled trials that used light interventions and examined the effect on sleep measured using EEG in MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases. We included studies that examined the light intervention on sleep EEG in participants with a sleep or circadian rhythm disorder. Results Four studies met the inclusion criteria in patients with insomnia only. These studies reported only sleep macro-architecture outcomes with three studies showing no effect of the timing or intensity of light intervention on total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and sleep stage duration. Only one study reported a significantly higher sleep efficiency after night-time light intervention (&gt;4,000 lx, 21:00-23:00 h) compared with afternoon light intervention (&gt;4,000 lx, 15:00-17:00 h). However, none of these studies reported sleep micro-architecture (power spectral analysis). Conclusion Overall, there was limited evidence about the effect of light intervention on EEG sleep measures and studies were confined to insomnia patients only. This review could not find any data on sleep EEG spectral power related to light interventions. Research needs to be conducted into the effect of lighting interventions in clinical populations on sleep macro- and micro-architecture to better understand the effect on objective sleep timing and quality.

Spectral and Topographic Microstructure of Brain Alpha Activity During Drowsiness at Sleep Onset and REM Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantero ◽  
Mercedes Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Brain States

Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural properties. On the other hand, these data suggest that the spectral microstructure of alpha activity during sleep onset and REM sleep could be a useful index to implement in automatic classification algorithms in order to improve the differentiation between the two brain states.

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