A Coupled Function of Biochar as Geobattery and Geoconductor Leads to Stimulation of Microbial Fe(III) Reduction and Methanogenesis in a Paddy Soil Enrichment Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 108446
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Tianran Sun ◽  
Sara Kleindienst ◽  
Daniel Straub ◽  
Ruben Kretzschmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Metabolism of carbaryl and carbofuran by soil-enrichment and bacterial cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rajagopal ◽  
V. R. Rao ◽  
G. Nagendrappa ◽  
N. Sethunathan
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Major Route

Metabolism of side chain and ring 14C-labelled carbaryl and carbofuran in a mineral salts medium by soil-enrichment cultures and a Bacillus sp. was studied. A change in the substrate of the medium from carbaryl to carbofuran led to a marked shift in the dominant bacterium from Bacillus sp. to Arthrobacter sp. although carbaryl-enrichment culture was the primary inoculum in both media. Hydrolysis was the major route of microbial degradation of both carbamate insecticides. During carbaryl degradation by enrichment cultures and Bacillus sp., 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone accumulated in the medium. Of the three metabolites formed from carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran were further metabolized rapidly, while carbofuran phenol was resistant to further degradation. Evolution of 14CO2 and other gaseous 14C-labelled products from both side chain and ring labels was negligible. This and slow degradation of the hydrolysis products led to significant accumulation of 14C in the medium even after prolonged incubation.

Soil enrichment for the isolation of sporangial subgroup II Bacillus species, and observations concerning a coil-forming member of this group

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
R. T. Wood ◽  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Characteristic Features

Enrichment culture procedures are described which allow recovery from soil of mainly sporangial subgroup II Bacillus species, subgroup I plus subgroup II, or the latter plus a coil-forming member of subgroup II. After isolation, the coil-forming type grew normally and sporulated extensively only on agarized soil medium. Growth was normal on soil extract agar but sporulation was less extensive. Limited sporulation occurred when divalent cations were added to more conventional media. Normal vegetative growth occurred on other media investigated only when the pH value was held within relatively narrow limits. The presence of carbohydrate in agar media caused partial growth inhibition, a lack of catalase activity, and the formation of very long coiled cells plus pleomorphic cells, whereas overt cell lysis occurred in vigorously shaken broth cultures. These responses possibly reflect an unbalanced growth condition caused by growth at pH extremes, and not by carbohydrate per se. The characteristic features that set the coil-forming bacilli apart from other subgroup II Bacillus species were shown to be (1) their inability to grow at pH values below 6.5, (2) their inability to ferment carbohydrates, (3) their high oxygen requirement for growth, and (4) their ability to reduce thiosulfate to H2S. In addition, these bacilli can be distinguished from closely related established species by other biochemical tests.

Characterization of an anaerobic soil enrichment capable of dechlorinating high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Lee ◽  
Masaharu Yoshimi ◽  
Michihiko Ike ◽  
Masanori Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Dechlorinating Bacteria ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Curved Rods ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

An anaerobic soil enrichment culture could dechlorinate high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE; 150 mg/liter nominal concentration; approximately 58 mg/liter in aqueous concentration) nearly stoichiometrically to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) via trichloroethylene (TCE) at high rates; a maximum dechlorination rate was 0.4 μmol of PCE transformed/mg volatile suspended solids per hr, using citrate as an electron and carbon source and yeast extract as a nutritional requirement. This dechlorinating activity was comparable with those of the previously-reported, efficient bacterial cultures. Some substrates such as pyruvate, succinate, formate, acetate, and acetate with H2 could replace citrate but propionate could not, and yeast extract could be replaced by a vitamin mixture. However the PCE dechlorination rate decreased more than threefold by the addition of the vitamin mixture, suggesting that the vitamin mixture could not be a complete supplement for the nutritional requirement. Optimal pH and temperature of the enrichment for PCE dechlorination were 7 and 30 °C, respectively. Dechlorination of PCE was completely inhibited by the addition of NO3− and NO2− as potential alternative electron acceptors. S2O3−2 and SO3−2 delayed PCE dechlorination but SO4−2 had no significant effect on PCE reduction. 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES, an inhibitor of methanogenesis) also showed no influence on PCE dechlorination, suggesting methanogens were not concerned with PCE removal in this enrichment. Further, microbial investigations on the enrichment showed that it contains four types of bacteria; cocci, large rods, curved rods, and small rods. The small rods seemed to nutritionally support the PCE dechlorinating bacteria, presumably the curved rods.

scholarly journals Nitrilotriacetate Stimulation of Anaerobic Fe(III) Respiration by Mobilization of Humic Materials in Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5255-5262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Luu ◽  
B. A. Ramsay ◽  
J. A. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Electron Shuttling ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT An enrichment culture capable of naphthalene mineralization reduced Fe(III) oxides without direct contact in anaerobic soil microcosms when the Fe(III) was placed in dialysis membranes or entrapped within alginate beads. Both techniques demonstrated that a component in soil, possibly humic materials, facilitated Fe(III) reduction when direct contact between cells and Fe(III) was not possible. The addition of the synthetic Fe(III) chelator, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), to soil enhanced Fe(III) reduction across the dialysis membrane and alginate beads, with the medium changing from clear to a dark brown color. An NTA-soil extract was more effective in Fe(III) reduction than the extracted soil itself. Characteristics of the NTA extract were consistent with that of humic substances. The results indicate that NTA improved Fe(III) reduction not by Fe(III) solubilization but by extraction of humic substances from soil into the aqueous medium. This is the first study in which stimulation of Fe(III) reduction through the addition of chemical chelators is shown to be due to the extraction of electron-shuttling compounds from the soil and not to solubilization of the Fe(III) and indicates that mobilization of humic materials could be an important component of anaerobic biostimulation.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Redox-Active Enteric Bacterium Citrobacter portucalensis Strain MBL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev M. Tsypin ◽  
Scott H. Saunders ◽  
Yinon Bar-On ◽  
Jared R. Leadbetter ◽  
Dianne K. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Enteric Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
A Genome

ABSTRACT We grew a soil enrichment culture to identify organisms that anaerobically oxidize phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. A strain of Citrobacter portucalensis was isolated from this enrichment and sequenced by both Illumina and PacBio technologies. It has a genome with a length of 5.3 Mb, a G+C content of 51.8%, and at least one plasmid.

Effect of yeast extract on the degradation of organophosphorus insecticides by soil enrichment and bacterial cultures

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharmila ◽  
K. Ramanand ◽  
N. Sethunathan
Keyword(s):  
Nitro Group ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Nitro Group Reduction

Soil enrichment cultures were prepared by repeated additions of methyl parathion to flooded alluvial and laterite soils incubated at 35 °C. These cultures were tested for their ability to degrade methyl parathion in a mineral salts medium in the presence and absence of yeast extract. Addition of yeast extract (0.05% w/v) accelerated the degradation of methyl parathion by both enriched cultures. Methyl parathion was degraded by the enrichment culture from alluvial soil essentially by hydrolysis in the absence of yeast extract and by nitro group reduction in its presence. The enrichment culture from laterite soil degraded methyl parathion (by hydrolysis) only in the presence of yeast extract. A Bacillus sp., isolated from laterite soil, degraded methyl parathion essentially by hydrolysis in the presence of a concentration (w/v) of yeast extract of 0.05%, by both hydrolysis and nitro group reduction at 0.1 and 0.25%, and exclusively by nitro group reduction at 0.5%. A similar trend was also noticed with parathion. However, fenitrothion was degraded by Bacillus sp. mainly by hydrolysis at all concentrations of yeast extract, whereas diazinon was not degraded.Key words: organophosphorothioates, biodegradation, yeast extract dependent pathway.

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