Smoking and degenerative changes of the cervical spine: a roentgenographic study

Background & Importance: Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT) is a common cause of torticollis in children. Despite the easy diagnosis, rare cases may be neglected and untreated during the management of the patients, which can not only impose cosmetic problems for them but also affect the cervical spine with accelerated degeneration. Most patients with CMT can be managed non-surgically with medical and physical therapies but surgery is indicated in some cases when non-surgical attempts are unsuccessful. Case Presentation: Herein, we are reporting a 16-year-old female with neglected CMT, and neck pain secondary to severe degenerative changes. We believe that neglected and untreated CMT cases may present with accelerated spine degeneration and surgical intervention should be considered promptly to reverse this process. Conclusion: Surgical intervention not only produces good cosmetic results but also reverses the degeneration process and protects the patient from disabling deformities later in life.

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Degenerative Changes in the Cervical Spine

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) ◽

10.2106/00004623-195941010-00008 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 61-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Z. B. Friedenberg ◽

Jack Edeiken ◽

H. Newton Spencer ◽

S. C. Tolentino

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Degenerative Changes

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Degenerative Changes in the Cervical Spine Are More Common in Middle-Aged Individuals with Thalidomide Embryopathy than in Healthy Controls

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0155493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e0155493 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shadi A. Ghassemi Jahani ◽

Aina Danielsson ◽

Rana Ab-Fawaz ◽

Hanna Hebelka ◽

Barbro Danielson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Middle Aged

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Adolescent Disc Degeneration - No Headache Association

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01233.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 14-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K Laimi ◽

M Erkintalo ◽

L Metsähonkala ◽

T Vahlberg ◽

M Mikkelsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Disc Degeneration ◽

Population Based ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Mri Study

The objective of the study was to determine whether adolescents with headache have more disc degeneration in the cervical spine than headache-free controls. This study is part of a population-based follow-up study of adolescents with and without headache. At the age of 17 years, adolescents with headache at least three times a month ( N = 47) and adolescents with no headache ( N = 22) participated in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the cervical spine. Of the 47 headache sufferers, 17 also had weekly neck pain and 30 had neck pain less than once a month. MRI scans were interpreted independently by three neuroradiologists. Disc degeneration was found in 67% of participants, with no difference between adolescents with and without headache. Most of the degenerative changes were located in the lower cervical spine. In adolescence, mild degenerative changes of the cervical spine are surprisingly common but do not contribute to headache.

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