Effects of time-gap settings of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on driving performance and subjective acceptance in a bus driving simulator

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Wei Lin ◽  
Sheue-Ling Hwang ◽  
Paul A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Time Gap

scholarly journals Drivers’ Interaction with Adaptive Cruise Control on Dry and Snowy Roads with Various Tire-Road Grip Potentials

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Koglbauer ◽  
Jürgen Holzinger ◽  
Arno Eichberger ◽  
Cornelia Lex
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Time Gap

This study investigates drivers’ interaction with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) in different road conditions and identifies areas of improvement. Ninety-six drivers drove with the ACC in a driving simulator showing either a summer scenery and a dry road with high grip potential or a winter scenery with a snowy road and reduced grip potential. The results show that on snowy roads the drivers set in average a lower ACC speed and preferred a larger ACC time gap. Drivers’ workload and effort were higher when using the ACC on snowy as compared to dry roads. Generally, the use of a shorter ACC gap resulted in lower ratings of comfort, safety, and trust and higher ratings of mental workload and effort in both dry and snowy road conditions. The drivers judged that ACC was braking too late and maintained a too short gap to the forward vehicle, especially when the ACC was set to 1 second as compared to a 1.8-second time gap. A future adaptation of ACC’s control strategy to reduced tire-road grip potential would not only improve comfort and user acceptance of the human driver but also increase the potential to react in emergency situations with braking or evasive steering.

Driver Performance in a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control String

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan W. Inman ◽  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Brian H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Safety Benefit ◽  
Crash Reduction ◽  
Mean Time

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has been proposed as a method to increase highway capacity and possibly enhance safety. Two experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to verify that drivers with CACC would effectively monitor the system’s longitudinal control and override the system in the event that greater braking authority was needed than the system was designed to provide. In the first experiment, the emergency response of drivers with the CACC was compared with that of drivers who manually controlled following distance within a string of vehicles. The CACC group experienced markedly fewer crashes and had longer mean time-to-collision. The second experiment examined whether the CACC safety benefit was the result of the CACC system’s limited automatic braking authority, an auditory alarm, or both. The results suggest that both auto-braking and an auditory alarm are necessary to achieve a crash reduction benefit, although the alarm alone may promote less severe collisions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vehicle Automation on Driver Engagement: The Case of Adaptive Cruise Control and Mind Wandering

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082097485
Author(s):  
Starla M. Weaver ◽  
Stephanie M. Roldan ◽  
Tracy B. Gonzalez ◽  
Stacy A. Balk ◽  
Brian H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Vehicle Automation

Objective This field study examined the effects of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on mind wandering prevalence. Background ACC relieves the driver of the need to regulate vehicle speed and following distance, which may result in safety benefits. However, if ACC reduces the amount of attentional resources drivers must devote to driving, then drivers who use ACC may experience increased periods of mind wandering, which could reduce safety. Methods Participants drove a prescribed route on a public road twice, once using ACC and once driving manually. Mind wandering rates were assessed throughout the drive using auditory probes, which occurred at random intervals and required the participant to indicate whether or not they were mind wandering. Measures of physiological arousal and driving performance were also recorded. Results No evidence of increased mind wandering was found when drivers used ACC. In fact, female drivers reported reduced rates of mind wandering when driving with ACC relative to manual driving. Driving with ACC also tended to be associated with increased physiological arousal and improved driving behavior. Conclusion Use of ACC did not encourage increased mind wandering or negatively affect driving performance. In fact, the results indicate that ACC may have positive effects on driver safety among drivers who have limited experience with the technology. Application Driver characteristics, such as level of experience with in-vehicle technology and gender, should be considered when investigating driver engagement during ACC use. Field research on vehicle automation may provide valuable insights over and above studies conducted in driving simulators.

Should Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Systems Be Designed to Maintain a Constant Time-Gap Between Vehicles?

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Wang ◽  
Rajesh Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Unconditionally Stable ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Traffic Flow Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gap Spacing

Abstract This paper addresses the stability of traffic flow on a highway when the vehicles operate under an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system. ACC systems are commonly designed to maintain a constant time-gap between vehicles during vehicle following. Previous researchers in literature have produced contradictory results on whether the traffic flow is stable when the constant time gap spacing policy is used. This paper resolves the contradiction and shows that the boundary conditions used at the inlets and exits influence traffic flow stability in the case of the constant time-gap policy. Further, the paper shows that it is possible to design an unconditionally stable spacing policy, i.e. a spacing policy which guarantees traffic stability under all boundary conditions. The practical implications of instability are shown through traffic simulation results. The advantages of an unconditionally stable spacing policy over the constant time-gap policy are demonstrated. The answer to the question “Should ACC systems be designed to maintain a constant time gap between vehicles?” is NO. It is quite easy to develop alternate spacing policies with superior stability properties.

Effect of Vehicle Control Format on Driver Performance and Attention Allocation under Adaptive Cruise Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1510-1514
Author(s):  
Yulin Deng ◽  
David Kaber
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Longitudinal Motion ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Study Results

Nowadays many major automobile manufacturers have implemented multiple novel control formats along with traditional manual controls in their vehicle models, as revealed by a vehicle survey. This study conducted a driving simulator-based assessment of driver visual behavior and performance in use of different vehicle control interfaces, while using adaptive cruise control (ACC; i.e., an automated assistance system controlling longitudinal motion of the vehicle). Findings suggest that touch screen controls lead to greater visual workload and degraded secondary task performance. Study results also demonstrated that redundancy of control formats (the combination of touch screen and manual controls) degrades secondary task performance. Results of this research are expected to provide applicable guidance for in-vehicle control format design.

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