Tertampiknya Injil-injil Gnostik

Until now, challenges on the validity of the Bible based on the use of the Gnostic Gospels are still rampant, especially by anti-orthodox Christians and liberals. For this reason, this study attempts to answer the question of how the historical description of the Gnostic Gospels was dismissed in the century of its appearance, so that it did not enter the New Testament canon. Through a qualitative-descriptive research method, it was found that the answer to the rejection of the Gnostic Gospels as part of the canon was due to: 1). there is a significant time gap between the appearance of the Gnostic Gospels and the canonical ones, 2). its distribution was secret, and was not common among the early Christian congregations. 3). his teachings that contradict the teachings of the canonical gospels about the life of the Lord Jesus and the way of human salvation, 4). several important figures of the second to third centuries such as Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clemens, Origens, and Esuibius firmly rejected the Gnostic Gospels to enter the canon. The result of this research certainly confirms the Christian belief in the acknowledgment of the validity of the New Testament canon.

Preparing to Discover the Unknown with Rubin LSST: Time Domain

Perhaps the most exciting promise of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is its capability to discover phenomena never before seen or predicted: true astrophysical novelties; but the ability of LSST to make these discoveries will depend on the survey strategy. Evaluating candidate strategies for true novelties is a challenge both practically and conceptually. Unlike traditional astrophysical tracers like supernovae or exoplanets, for anomalous objects, the template signal is by definition unknown. We approach this problem by assessing survey completeness in a phase space defined by object color and flux (and their evolution), and considering the volume explored by integrating metrics within this space with the observation depth, survey footprint, and stellar density. With these metrics, we explore recent simulations of the Rubin LSST observing strategy across the entire observed spatial footprint and in specific Local Volume regions: the Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds. Under our metrics, observing strategies with greater diversity of exposures and time gaps tend to be more sensitive to genuinely new transients, particularly over time-gap ranges left relatively unexplored by previous surveys. To assist the community, we have made all of the tools developed publicly available. While here we focus on transients, an extension of the scheme to include proper motions and the detection of associations or populations of interest will be communicated in Paper II of this series. This paper was written with the support of the Vera C. Rubin LSST Transients and Variable Stars and Stars, Milky Way, Local Volume Science Collaborations.

Medicine characteristics affecting the time to guidance publication by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the single technology appraisal process

Objective In England, the time gap between marketing authorization (MA) and guidance publication by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can limit patients’ access to new medicines. In this study, our aim was to identify medicine characteristics associated with the long time gap between MA and guidance publication and explore the influencing factors. Methods We identified 116 single technology appraisals from 2016 to 2020 using publicly available data, and extracted information on the year of appraisal completion, application type, experiences of similar appraisals, orphan medicinal products (OMPs), cancer medicines, and accelerated assessment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between the medicine characteristics and key time periods related to health technology assessment and MA processes. Results OMPs were associated with a long period between MA and guidance publication. Specifically, OMPs and cancer medicines were associated with slow guidance publication after the final scope (FS) development. However, there was no association between OMPs and the period between validation of MA application and FS development. Non-double-blinded randomized clinical trials and the use of comparators not specified in the FS were associated with slow guidance publication after the FS development. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that OMPs are associated with a longer period between MA and guidance publication by the NICE than non-OMPs; this may be attributed to the slow guidance publication after the FS development. These findings indicate the necessity to shorten the appraisal process for OMPs.

English MODULATION OF MELATONIN SECRETION WITH TRANSCUTANEOUS AURICULAR NERVE STIMULATION: A CASE STUDY

The main study objective was to test the hypothesis that selective electrical transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation (tANS) under forenoon daylight conditions induces melatonin secretion in a 64-year-old male patient with angina pectoris, hypercholesterolomy and coronary artery disease, assuming that it has beneficial effects on accompanied insomnia (Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS) = 22 points, the total score ranges from 0 to 40). Silicone stimulation plugs, with two platinum stimulating cathodes each, were inserted into the left and right external ears. Afterwards, one-second-long pulse trains of cathodic, biphasic and current regulated stimulating pulses at stimulating charge density Cd of 50.88 µC/cm2 and frequency of 25 Hz, were delivered for 30 min to selected sites at the upper and lower part of the left and right Cymba Conchae (CC), respectively. The common anode was attached to the neck. The time gap between the pulse trains was measured by the patient using a tactile sensor and was about 250 ms. The results showed that selective tANS under forenoon daylight conditions increased melatonin saliva levels in all the trials accomplished in a patient. Precisely, the lowest increase was obtained in trials with lower right (LR) CC, while the highest increase was obtained in upper-right (UR) CC trials.

Root Cause Analysis of Wells with Integrity Failures

A Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a methodological process of problem solving. In brief, this is an approach of "post mortem" analysis of the consequences with aim to understand what is one single (or multiple) lack of Management System that led to failure. Subsequently we can develop detailed remedial plan and actions to address failed Management System and most importantly prevent reoccurrence. Approach has been widely used in science and engineering. Probably, will be difficult to identify inventors of this analysis however first appearance in engineering discipline credited to Sakichi Toyoda, founder of Toyota Industries. He improved RCA by implementing technique called the "5 whys". Despite obvious benefit and versatility of root cause analysis methodology there are several challenges that might jeopardize result:–Absence of critical data / information due to various reason (time gap, no recoverable samples etc)–Too many variables that not allow to pinpoint main line / chain of investigation–Multiple failures with different root causes–"Depth of investigation" how many "Whys" are efficient to reveal main root cause.

Multi-physics properties of thermoplastic polyurethane at various fused filament fabrication parameters

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test a flexible polymer with different characteristics compared to other classical polymers mostly used in the additive manufacturing process, and to improve its mechanical properties and microstructure, by modifying different printing parameters, to make it more suitable for various industrial applications. Design/methodology/approach Seven parameters were tested, namely, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, layer thickness, printing speed, flow rate, printing time gap between two successive printed layers and raster orientation. Rheological characterizations were conducted to evaluate the influence of nozzle temperature on the melt viscosity of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The effect of thermal printing parameters on the crystallinity behavior was explored. Tomographic characterizations were realized to measure the porosity and evaluate the internal structure quality of printed specimens. Findings Increases of the nozzle temperature, bed temperature, layer thickness and flow rate had a positive influence on the tensile strength properties of TPU with a reduction of porosity. Higher printing speeds created defects and negatively influenced the strength properties of TPU. An increase in the printing time gap between layers led to poor interlayer adhesion and decreased the tensile strength. Specimens with layers all oriented parallel to the loading direction exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to other raster orientations. Originality/value Thermoplastic elastomers are a unique class of polymers characterized by the combined thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of their elastomer and thermoplastic parts. TPU elastomer, as one of the elastomer families, has found an important position in the bioengineering and three-dimensional printing industry. This study reports a comprehensive study of the impact of additive manufacturing parameters on the properties of TPU.

Taming the Wild West: a Framework for Regulating and Applying Broadcasting Standards to Internet Content in New Zealand

<p>The role of the Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) is to determine the areas where, and the extent to which, television and radio broadcasters' right to freedom of expression should give way to other interests that are highly valued in society. The BSA does this by applying the Codes of Broadcasting Practice, which contain standards relating to things such as good taste and decency, balance and accuracy in news and factual programmes, privacy and children's interests. Due to a combination of media convergence onto the Internet and outdated legislation, the BSA is finding itself caught in a techno-legal time gap, where it has no ability to deal with programming content provided by broadcasters via the Internet. In the not-too-distant future, the Internet will become the dominant platform of choice, both for broadcasters to provide programming content and for consumers to receive it. This dissertation examines the impact that the Internet has had on the modern media environment and the problems raised by the BSA's lack of jurisdiction to deal with programming content located on the websites of New Zealand-based broadcasters. To ensure that the BSA and the broadcasting standards regime in general does not become obsolete, this paper advocates for the BSA to be given express statutory jurisdiction to deal with complaints concerning programming content on New Zealand-based websites operated by Internet broadcasters.</p>

Taming the Wild West: a Framework for Regulating and Applying Broadcasting Standards to Internet Content in New Zealand

<p>The role of the Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) is to determine the areas where, and the extent to which, television and radio broadcasters' right to freedom of expression should give way to other interests that are highly valued in society. The BSA does this by applying the Codes of Broadcasting Practice, which contain standards relating to things such as good taste and decency, balance and accuracy in news and factual programmes, privacy and children's interests. Due to a combination of media convergence onto the Internet and outdated legislation, the BSA is finding itself caught in a techno-legal time gap, where it has no ability to deal with programming content provided by broadcasters via the Internet. In the not-too-distant future, the Internet will become the dominant platform of choice, both for broadcasters to provide programming content and for consumers to receive it. This dissertation examines the impact that the Internet has had on the modern media environment and the problems raised by the BSA's lack of jurisdiction to deal with programming content located on the websites of New Zealand-based broadcasters. To ensure that the BSA and the broadcasting standards regime in general does not become obsolete, this paper advocates for the BSA to be given express statutory jurisdiction to deal with complaints concerning programming content on New Zealand-based websites operated by Internet broadcasters.</p>