Soil and soil organic carbon effects on simulated Southern High Plains dryland Cotton production

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 105040
Author(s):  
Steven A. Mauget ◽  
Sushil K. Himanshu ◽  
Tim S. Goebel ◽  
Srinivasalu Ale ◽  
Robert J. Lascano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Southern High Plains

Evaluation and Adaptation of the HADSS®Computer Program in Texas Southern High Plains Cotton

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna L. Lyon ◽  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Field experiments were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate and adapt the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS®) program for Texas Southern High Plains cotton production. Weed management systems (in glyphosate-resistant, bromoxynil-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton varieties) included trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) followed by (fb) HADSS postemergence-topical (POST) recommendations (PPI fb POST HADSS), HADSS recommendations alone (POST HADSS), and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES) recommendations for the Texas Southern High Plains. In both years, effective season-long weed control was achieved with all weed management systems in the glyphosate-resistant variety, but only the PPI fb POST HADSS and TAES weed management systems controlled Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw in the bromoxynil-resistant and nontransgenic varieties, compared with POST HADSS alone. No differences in cotton lint yield or net returns over weed control costs were observed with weed management systems across variety in 1999; however, in general, the glyphosate-resistant and nontransgenic varieties produced higher yields and net returns than the bromoxynil-resistant variety. In 2000, plots from the TAES weed management system produced higher lint yields than the plots of PPI fb POST HADSS recommendations in the glyphosate- and bromoxynil-resistant varieties, but plots of all management systems yielded similarly in the nontransgenic variety. In 2000, plots from the TAES system produced the highest net returns in the glyphosate- and bromoxynil-resistant varieties. In the nontransgenic variety, the PPI fb POST HADSS and TAES weed management systems produced higher net returns over weed control costs than the POST HADSS system.

Effects of harvesting and ginning practices on Southern High Plains cotton: textile quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Christopher D Delhom ◽  
Matthew O Indest ◽  
John D Wanjura ◽  
Carlos B Armijo ◽  
Randal K Boman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Spun Yarns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the harvesting method, as well as the ginning method (saw or high-speed roller ginning), on textile quality was studied over three years of cotton production in the Southern High Plains. The Southern High Plains region is the largest cotton production area of the USA. The Southern High Plains and the Texas Gulf Coast are the only areas of the USA where brush-roll stripper harvesting is common, alongside traditional spindle picker machine harvesting. Different harvesting methods lead to differences in micronaire, maturity, length distribution, color and non-lint content within the bale. Ginning differences were primarily found to be length and length distribution related. Lint was processed into rotor-spun, carded ring-spun and combed ring-spun medium count yarns to determine the impacts of harvesting and ginning methods on textile product quality. Rotor spinning produced comparable quality yarns regardless of harvest or ginning method, while carded ring-spun yarns showed statistical differences in quality, with spindle-picked cottons having greater uniformity and higher tenacity. Combing was able to eliminate any functional differences in quality due to the pre-mill handling of the cottons at the expense of increased noil levels for stripper-harvested cottons. There were no differences in ends-down during ring spinning, regardless of harvest and ginning method, although cottons produced with high-speed roller ginning were able to be spun at higher spindle speeds, which equates to higher production speeds.

Temporal changes in soil organic carbon and aggregate-associated organic carbon after reclamation of abandoned, salinized farmland

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. ZHANG ◽  
H. C. YANG ◽  
W. J. GALE ◽  
Z. B. CHENG ◽  
J. H. YAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soc Stocks

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted to quantify changes in soil aggregation and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after abandoned, salinized land in the Manasi River Basin was reclaimed for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Results showed that reclamation significantly increased SOC concentrations and SOC stocks. Specifically, 10 years of cotton production increased SOC concentrations by 45% in the 0–60 cm depth and SOC stocks by 35%. The SOC concentrations and stocks decreased as soil depth increased. Reclamation time, season and soil depth had significant interaction effects on SOC. The SOC concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with available soil nitrogen and available soil phosphorus. Compared with abandoned farmland, macro-aggregate-associated (>250 µm) SOC concentrations in the 0–60 cm depth increased by 47% after 5 years of cotton production and by 53% after 10 years of cotton production. The contribution of macro-aggregate-associated SOC to total SOC in the 0–60 cm depth increased by 87% after 5 years of cotton production and by 69% after 10 years of cotton production. The findings indicate that soil aggregates were more stable after abandoned, salinized farmland was reclaimed for cotton production. Furthermore, cotton production can increase SOC concentrations and sequester C in this arid area.

The distribution and relative losses of soil organic carbon fractions in aggregate size fractions from cracking clay soils (Vertisols) under cotton production

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Conteh ◽  
G. J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Aggregate Fractions ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions

The distribution and losses of organic carbon fractions in various aggregate sizes from cracking clay soils were studied to understand some factors associated with losses of soil organic carbon under cultivation. Five pairs of samples from cropped and adjacent uncropped (reference) soils were collected from 5 of the main cotton-growing regions of Australia. Five aggregate sizes were separated from each of these soils (<50 µm, 50-150 µm, 150-250 µm, 250-450 µm, and 450-500 µm). On each of these aggregate fractions, measurements were made for total carbon (CT), labile carbon by ease of oxidation (CL), d 13 C, total light fraction (LF), carbon content of light fraction (C%-LF), and the proportion of soil carbon in the light fraction (LF-C) calculated. CT and CL were found to increase with a decrease in aggregate size, whereas LF was found to decrease with a decrease in aggregate size. Losses of both CT and CL as a result of cultivation were higher in larger aggregates than in smaller aggregates. The δ13C of both the whole soil and the LF was higher in the cropped soil than in the reference soil. It was concluded that most of the organic matter present in the cracking clay soils used for cotton production is highly decomposed, and most of it is concentrated in the microaggregates of the soil.

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