Currently, a helium-neon laser is widely used in the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory and vascular diseases of the eye. It was found that the interaction of this radiation with different tissues, as a result of complex photochemical processes, is manifested by anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, resolving effects. Also, there is a stimulating effect on the processes of reparation and trophism. However, these observations relate to the use of laser for external irradiation, when the light goes through the air and the sclera or through the cornea. Research of the effect of endo-laser direct exposure of the fiber in the cavity of the eye, where light acts directly on epithelial or limbal cells, wasn’t carry out due to objective reasons (difficulty of conducting such research directly to patients). There is currently no data on the effect of helium-neon laser on the limbal area of the eye-ball, enriched endogenous stem and progenitor cells. They help repair damaged tissues in the eye (anterior and posterior segment) at various injuries. Cell culture, grown in vitro, are free from the influences of body systems, attract researchers as a unique model to study the behavior of cells in normal but also in response to external or internal factors. Currently, scientists have learned how to obtain and difficult to cultivate a culture of cells, in-cluding tissues of the human eye. They are genetically homogeneous population of cells growing in constant conditions. The viability and morphology of cells and their ultra-structure and various molecular biological cha-racteristics can be studied in cell culture, and to find the optimal conditions of laser irradiation, does not damage the cells. In the present work the authors studied the effect of low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation (632 nm) on limbal stem cells. Conducted in vitro studies have shown that the use of low-energy helium-neon laser irrad-iation (632 nm) has a positive effect on the monolayer culture of limbal stem cells. Absence of changes in cell phenotype and high proliferative activity indicate a stimulating effect of the investigated radiation on stem and progenitor cells, leading to the result of the activation of recovery and reduction of pathological changes at the cellular and organ and tissue levels.
In vitro cultivation of porcine limbal stem cells