scholarly journals Immune Response to Cancer Therapy: Mounting an Effective Antitumor Response and Mechanisms of Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Medler ◽  
Tiziana Cotechini ◽  
Lisa M. Coussens
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antitumor Response ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer

scholarly journals Expression of IL-1 Family Cytokines in Patients Before and After Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Amorim ◽  
Marton Kaique Andrade Cavalcante ◽  
Ailton Alvaro Silva ◽  
Vanessa Lucília Silveira Medeiros ◽  
Maria Edileuza Felinto Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Effector Immune Response

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that presents an immune response marked by the activation of lymphocytes and production of cytokines, including those of the IL-1 family, which act as an important trigger for the activation of an effector immune response. Despite this, inflammation exacerbation is sometimes also attributed to IL-1 cytokines, although some others down-regulate inflammation or produce Th2 responses, which need to be further clarified in the CL. Assessing the gene and protein expression of IL-1 cytokines associated with different immune response profiles in PBMCs from patients with active and healed lesions, this study demonstrated that stimulation by L. braziliensis positively regulates inflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL-1 cytokines, as IL-1α/β and IL-37, while there was a marked inhibition of IL-1Ra and IL-18 genes in patients treated with antimony, which perhaps contributes to the mechanisms of resistance that control Leishmania infection.

scholarly journals RNA Transcription and Splicing Errors as a Source of Cancer Frameshift Neoantigens for Vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhui Shen ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
HoJoon Lee ◽  
Milene Tavares Batista ◽  
Stephen Albert Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Peptide Array ◽  
Rna Transcription ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Tumor Dna

Abstract The success of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy is largely attributed to activating the patient’s immune response to their tumor’s neoantigens arising from DNA mutations. This realization has motivated the interest in personal cancer vaccines based on sequencing the patient’s tumor DNA to discover neoantigens. Here we propose an additional, unrecognized source of tumor neoantigens. We show that errors in transcription of microsatellites (MS) and mis-splicing of exons create highly immunogenic frameshift (FS) neoantigens in tumors. The sequence of these FS neoantigens are predictable, allowing creation of a peptide array representing all possible neoantigen FS peptides. This array can be used to detect the antibody response in a patient to the FS peptides. A survey of 5 types of cancers reveals peptides that are personally reactive for each patient. This source of neoantigens and the method to discover them may be useful in developing cancer vaccines.

Current Concepts of Tumor Immunology III. Immune Therapy

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krause ◽  
John O. Nysather
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer ◽  
Treatment Surgery

It is apparent that development of consistently effective methods of immunotherapy must await a more thorough understanding of the immune response to cancer. However, even those forms of immunotherapy which have been developed to date indicate a tremendous potential. It appears that immunotherapy may be most useful as an adjuvant to established forms of treatment. Surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are used to remove all of the gross tumor, with immune therapy then employed to destroy the small foci of tumor which remain. As methods are developed which are effective in counteracting the immunosuppression of tumors, other means of immunotherapy may be found which are capable of destroying tumor cells while not affecting the adjacent normal tissue. Thus, the future of immune therapy holds great promise. As more is learned about the immune response to cancer, advances in therapy will certainly follow.

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