tumor immunology
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Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Palano ◽  
Matteo Gallazzi ◽  
Martina Cucchiara ◽  
Andrea De Lerma Barbaro ◽  
Daniela Gallo ◽  
...  

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has largely been reported to cooperate on tumor onset and progression, as a consequence of the phenotype/functional plasticity and adaptation capabilities of tumor-infiltrating and tumor-associated immune cells. Immune cells within the tumor micro (tissue-local) and macro (peripheral blood) environment closely interact by cell-to-cell contact and/or via soluble factors, also generating a tumor-permissive soil. These dangerous liaisons have been investigated for pillars of tumor immunology, such as tumor associated macrophages and T cell subsets. Here, we reviewed and discussed the contribution of selected innate immunity effector cells, namely neutrophils and natural killer cells, as “soloists” or by their “dangerous liaisons”, in favoring tumor progression by dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.


Author(s):  
Matthew B. Dong ◽  
Kaiyuan Tang ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhou ◽  
Jingjia J. Zhou ◽  
Sidi Chen
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Minxuan Wang ◽  
Lingyun Li ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Jinge Zhao ◽  
Zhenqi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3231
Author(s):  
Jonathan Anker ◽  
Justin Miller ◽  
Nicole Taylor ◽  
Natasha Kyprianou ◽  
Che-Kai Tsao

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for many cancer types. The treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has especially evolved in recent years, from cytokine-based immunotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although clinical benefit from immunotherapy is limited to a subset of patients, many combination-based approaches have led to improved outcomes. The success of such approaches is a direct result of the tumor immunology knowledge accrued regarding the RCC microenvironment, which, while highly immunogenic, demonstrates many unique characteristics. Ongoing translational work has elucidated some of the mechanisms of response, as well as primary and secondary resistance, to immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RCC immunophenotype with a specific focus on how preclinical and clinical data are shaping the future of immunotherapy.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Mario Di Gioacchino ◽  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Claudia Petrarca ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi

Conventional chemotherapy has partial therapeutic effects against hematological malignancies and is correlated with serious side effects and great risk of relapse. Recently, immunotherapeutic drugs have provided encouraging results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several immunotherapeutic antibodies and cell therapeutics are in dynamic development such as immune checkpoint blockades and CAR-T treatment. However, numerous problems restrain the therapeutic effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy as an insufficient anti-tumor immune response, the interference of an immune-suppressive bone marrow, or tumoral milieu with the discharge of immunosuppressive components, access of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, monocyte intrusion, macrophage modifications, all factors facilitating the tumor to escape the anti-cancer immune response, finally reducing the efficiency of the immunotherapy. Nanotechnology can be employed to overcome each of these aspects, therefore having the possibility to successfully produce anti-cancer immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles in hematological malignancies immunotherapy. In the future, a deeper understanding of tumor immunology and of the implications of nanomedicine will allow nanoparticles to revolutionize tumor immunotherapy, and nanomedicine approaches will reveal their great potential for clinical translation.


Author(s):  
Dingzhi Wang ◽  
Carlos S. Cabalag ◽  
Nicholas J. Clemons ◽  
Raymond N. DuBois

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. S1142
Author(s):  
M. Noguchi ◽  
H. Date ◽  
T. Menju ◽  
M. Hamaji ◽  
A. Ohsumi ◽  
...  

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