Effects of non-driving-related-task modality and road geometry on eye movements, lane-keeping performance, and workload while driving

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejin Jeong ◽  
Yili Liu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Lane Keeping ◽  
Task Modality

Feedforward and Feedback Control of Lane Keeping by the Human Driver

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Huei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Lane Tracking ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Lane Keeping

A feedforward/feedback control model of drivers’ lane keeping behavior is presented in this paper. The model is based on the linearized analysis of the driver’s curve negotiation dynamics. In real driving, the driver previews the upcoming road geometry and relies on perceived vehicle states to maintain a desired lateral position. Feedforward and feedback roles are associated with different perceptual cues, and the lane keeping task is formulated into a disturbance rejection problem. Control parameters are determined to reflect natural stable human characteristics. Verification tests in a realistic simulation environment demonstrate the ability of the model to generate driver/vehicle lane keeping responses comparable to those obtained on a simulator. Potentially, the derived control algorithm can also be applied to automatic lane-tracking as long as reliable information regarding vehicle states and upcoming road conditions is accessible.

Horizontal Curve Driving Performance and Safety Affected by Road Geometry and Lead Vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejin Jeong ◽  
Yili Liu
Keyword(s):  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
Lane Keeping ◽  
Lead Vehicle

To help enhance safety and reduce crashes occurred on horizontal curved roads, it is important to understand their potential causes. The study reported in this paper aimed to examine the effects of road geometry (i.e., road curvature and curve direction) and lead vehicle on horizontal curve driving performance. Twenty-four participants performed two driving tasks (i.e., car-following and free- flow conditions) in simulated driving scenarios including curved roads in both right and left directions to measure their driving performance (e.g., speed, lane position, steering wheel angle, and time and distance headways). The results showed that road curvature affected driving performance, especially in mean speed, variability of lane-keeping performance, and headway. Moreover, the mean speed was affected by both road curvature and whether a lead vehicle existed. Findings from this study provide empirical data that can be used for driving safety on horizontal curved roads.

Driver Workload and Secondary Task Modality while Driving on Horizontal Curves

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767
Author(s):  
Heejin Jeong ◽  
Yili Liu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Task ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Driver Workload ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Task Modality

High driver workload has been considered as a risk factor in motor vehicle crashes. To minimize the number of crashes and improve driving safety, it is necessary to investigate driver workload and the most influential factor that affects driver workload. In this study, we examined the effects of road geometry, driving performance (by both steering wheel and pedal controls), and secondary task modality type on driver workload. A hierarchical ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis revealed that visually demanding secondary task predicted higher driver workload. This finding could help in-vehicle interface designs to minimize driver workload and improve driving safety.

scholarly journals Measuring Drivers’ Physiological Response to Different Vehicle Controllers in Highly Automated Driving (HAD): Opportunities for Establishing Real-Time Values of Driver Discomfort

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Radhakrishnan ◽  
Natasha Merat ◽  
Tyron Louw ◽  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Richard Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Lane Keeping ◽  
Vehicle Controllers ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

This study investigated how driver discomfort was influenced by different types of automated vehicle (AV) controllers, compared to manual driving, and whether this response changed in different road environments, using heart-rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA). A total of 24 drivers were subjected to manual driving and four AV controllers: two modelled to depict “human-like” driving behaviour, one conventional lane-keeping assist controller, and a replay of their own manual drive. Each drive lasted for ~15 min and consisted of rural and urban environments, which differed in terms of average speed, road geometry and road-based furniture. Drivers showed higher skin conductance response (SCR) and lower HRV during manual driving, compared to the automated drives. There were no significant differences in discomfort between the AV controllers. SCRs and subjective discomfort ratings showed significantly higher discomfort in the faster rural environments, when compared to the urban environments. Our results suggest that SCR values are more sensitive than HRV-based measures to continuously evolving situations that induce discomfort. Further research may be warranted in investigating the value of this metric in assessing real-time driver discomfort levels, which may help improve acceptance of AV controllers.

Eye Movements in Curve Negotiation

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shinar ◽  
Edward D. Mcdowell ◽  
Thomas H. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Focus Of Expansion ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Right

Eye movements and fixations of five drivers were recorded and superimposed on a videotaped recording of the dynamic visual scene as they drove on a two-lane rural road. The results showed that (1) on curved roads, the fixation pattern follows the road geometry, whereas on straight roads, the search behavior is less active, and most of the fixations are close to the focus of expansion. The results indicate that in driving through curves drivers direct foveal fixations to lateral placement cues rather than rely on peripheral vision; (2) the process of curve scanning begins in the approach zone prior to the curve itself, suggesting that perceptually the curve negotiating process precedes the curve by several seconds; (3) the search patterns on right and left curves are not symmetrical; visual excursions to the right on right curves are greater than eye movements to the left on left curves; and (4) fixation duration statistics may be related to accident rates on curves.

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Groner ◽  
Marina T. Groner ◽  
Kazuo Koga
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Human Motion

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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