Prevalence and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale in zebu cattle ( Bos indicus ) and their ticks ( Amblyomma variegatum , Rhipicephalus microplus ) from Madagascar

SUMMARYThe 4 species of ruminants (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goat) in arid areas of Mauritania harboured Haemonchus spp. as the most frequent internal parasite. This was a rare situation where the 3 putative species, H. longistipes (dromedary), H. placet (zebu cattle) and H. contortus (sheep and goat) occurred sympatrically. The study was undertaken on hosts slaughtered at the Nouakchott abattoir, on the basis of monthly collection of worms. The environment was very unfavourable to H. placei and unfavourable to H. contortus, as intensity of infection remained low throughout the year, whereas infection in the dromedary was 10 to 20-fold higher. The survival strategies during the long, dry season were different: the surviving stages were either 4th-stage larvae in digesta (dromedaries), 4th-stage larvae either in digesta or mucosae (cattle), or 4th-stage larvae in mucosae and few adults (sheep and goats). The prolificacy of female worms, indicative of the potential to contaminate pastures, was similar for all Haemonchus spp. in the rainy season. H. longistipes behave differently during the pre-rainy season as no increase of prolificacy could be demonstrated as observed in the other species. Traits of vulvar morphology are considered as markers of ecological adaptation and were studied. The knobbed and smooth female morphs (in equal proportions) were the most frequent in H. longistipes, the knobbed morph out-numbered the other morphs in H. placei, and all 3 morphs were present in sheep and goats with the linguiform form being predominant. Genetic characterization of the 3 species was performed by means of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Three groups were obtained from analysis of these data: 1 group with individuals of H. contortus, 1 group with individuals of H. placei, and 1 group with individuals of H. longistipes. This indicated that, although the 3 species were valid, H. contortus and H. placei were more similar. Intraspecific variability was 2-fold higher in H. contortus than in the 2 other species. The ecological, morphological and genetical studies showed that H. longistipes, H. placei and H. contortus could be arranged in increasing order of variability.

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Genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale strains from Tunisia using single and multiple gene typing reveals novel variants with an extensive genetic diversity

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.05.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1275-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mourad Ben Said ◽

Alaa Ben Asker ◽

Hanène Belkahia ◽

Raoua Ghribi ◽

Rachid Selmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Multiple Gene ◽

Novel Variants ◽

Gene Typing

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Molecular survey and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale isolates in cattle from two regions of Russia

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.10.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Fedorina ◽

Anna L. Arkhipova ◽

Gleb Y. Kosovskiy ◽

Svetlana N. Kovalchuk

Keyword(s):

Genetic Characterization ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Molecular Survey ◽

Regions Of Russia

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Phenotypic characterization of the Saudi Arabian Hassawi cattle breed

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900000900 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 35-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. A. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Bos Taurus ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Farming System ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Body Conformation ◽

High Feed ◽

Farming Families

SummaryHassawi cattle breed is a mix of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. The cattle are raised in the Eastern province of the country by farming families in mixed farming system. The breed numbers are declining very fast, from 10 449 head in 1986 to an estimated maximum of 4 500 head at present.The decrease is mainly due to replacement by exotic breeds, the indiscriminate crossing with these exotics, particularly in view of the scarcity of the Hassawi bulls for mating. Animals are small in size, mature body weight 210-270 kg for bulls and 150-200 kg for cows, quite uniform in colour (light red) and body conformation have conspicuously reduced dewlap and umbilical folds and relatively large hump. Animals are heat tolerant, sustain high feed intake under ambient temperature, resistant to many diseases prevailing in the region and cows have good mothering ability. Productivity of the breed in terms of meat and milk is low when compared to that of exotics in high input production environments, but reproduction performance excels that of temperate breeds and zebu cattle.Efforts should be made to stop the decline in the breed numbers and to conserve the breed as an asset for production under harsh environment.

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Epidemiology, haematology and molecular characterization of haemoprotozoon and rickettsial organisms causing infections in cattle of Jammu region, North India

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02915-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rabjot Kaur ◽

Anish Yadav ◽

Shafiya I. Rafiqi ◽

Rajesh Godara ◽

Vikrant Sudan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Disease Mapping ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Theileria Annulata ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

North India ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Prevalence Studies

Abstract Background The present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, epidemiology and molecular characterization of major haemoprotozoons (Babesia and Theileria) and rickettsia (Anaplasma) of cattle in Jammu region (North India) using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hematology, microscopy and PCR based prevalence studies were undertaken with 278 whole blood samples from cattle. Molecular prevalence studies were followed by genetic characterization of the isolates of Babesia, Anaplasma and Theileria spp. based on 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and Tams1 gene, respectively. The data related to metrology and epidemiological variables like temperature, rainfall, season, age and type of livestock rearing was analyzed and correlated with occurrence of disease by statistical methods. Results The prevalence based on microscopy was 12.9% (36/278) whereas PCR recorded 30.22% (84/278) animals positive for haemoparasitic infections. All the samples found positive by microscopy were also recorded positive by PCR. Thus the study revealed prevalence of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata to be 9.7, 16.5 and 0.7% respectively. The metrological and epidemiological variables made inroads for the propagation of vector ticks and occurrence of infection. Haematological alterations predominantly related to decrease in haemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume were evident in diseased animals and collaterally affected the productivity. Further the genetic characterization of Babesia bigemina. (MN566925.1, MN567603, MN566924.1), Anaplasma marginale. (MH733242.1, MN567602.1) and Theileria annulata (MT113479) provided a representative data of the isolates circulating in the region and their proximity with available sequences across the world. Conclusions Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, comprehensive disease mapping has yet not been undertaken in several parts of India. The present study provides a blue print of disease mapping, epidemiological correlations and genomic diversity of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata circulating in the region.

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RNA Viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12020144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mathilde Gondard ◽

Sarah Temmam ◽

Elodie Devillers ◽

Valérie Pinarello ◽

Thomas Bigot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Amblyomma Variegatum ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Virus Diversity ◽

High Infection ◽

Viral Communities ◽

High Level ◽

Vector Capacity

Ticks transmit a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites and viruses. Over the last decade, numerous novel viruses have been described in arthropods, including ticks, and their characterization has provided new insights into RNA virus diversity and evolution. However, little is known about their ability to infect vertebrates. As very few studies have described the diversity of viruses present in ticks from the Caribbean, we implemented an RNA-sequencing approach on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from cattle in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Among the viral communities infecting Caribbean ticks, we selected four viruses belonging to the Chuviridae, Phenuiviridae and Flaviviridae families for further characterization and designing antibody screening tests. While viral prevalence in individual tick samples revealed high infection rates, suggesting a high level of exposure of Caribbean cattle to these viruses, no seropositive animals were detected. These results suggest that the Chuviridae- and Phenuiviridae-related viruses identified in the present study are more likely tick endosymbionts, raising the question of the epidemiological significance of their occurrence in ticks, especially regarding their possible impact on tick biology and vector capacity. The characterization of these viruses might open the door to new ways of preventing and controlling tick-borne diseases.

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Genotyping of the polymorphism within exon 3 of prolactin gene in various dairy breeds by PCR RFLP (Brief report)

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-51-298-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 298-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Ratna Kumari ◽

K. M. Singh ◽

K. J. Soni ◽

R. K. Patel ◽

J. B. Chauhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Prolactin Gene ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Transition Mutation

Abstract. In mammals, especially dairy cattle the prolactin has important functions like the development of mammary gland affecting milk yield and composition. It has been mapped to chromosome 23 in Bovine (HALLERMAN et al., 1988). A silent A→G transition mutation at the codon for amino acid 103 in exon 3 of bovine prolactin (bPRL) gene gives rise to a polymorphic Rsa I site, has become a popular genetic marker used for genetic characterization of cattle populations by means of PCR-RFLP (MITRA et al., 1995; CHRENEK et al., 1998; DYBUS, 2005). The present study reports on the genotype frequencies observed in various Bos taurus and Bos indicus dairy cattle breeds.

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RNA viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

10.20944/preprints201912.0172.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Gondard ◽

Sarah Temmam ◽

Elodie Devillers ◽

Valerie Pinarello ◽

Thomas Bigot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Amblyomma Variegatum ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Virus Diversity ◽

High Infection ◽

Viral Communities ◽

High Level ◽

Vector Capacity

Ticks transmit a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites and viruses. Over the last decade, numerous novel viruses have been described in arthropods, including ticks, and their characterization has provided new insights into RNA virus diversity and evolution. However, little is known about their ability to infect vertebrates. As very few studies have described the diversity of viruses present in ticks from the Caribbean, we implemented an RNA-sequencing approach on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from cattle in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Among the viral communities infecting Caribbean ticks, we selected four viruses belonging to the Chuviridae, Phenuiviridae and Flaviviridae families for further characterization and designing antibody screening tests. While viral prevalence in individual tick samples revealed high infection rates, suggesting a high level of exposure of Caribbean cattle to these viruses, no seropositive animals were detected. These results suggest that the Chuviridae- and Phenuiviridae-related viruses identified in the present study are more likely tick endosymbionts, raising the question of the epidemiological significance of their occurrence in ticks, especially regarding their possible impact on tick biology and vector capacity. The characterization of these viruses might open the door to new ways of preventing and controlling tick-borne diseases.

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