A population-based analysis to determine the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia in British Columbia, Canada

Vaccine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirma K Vadlamudi ◽  
David M Patrick ◽  
Caren Rose ◽  
Mohsen Sadatsafavi ◽  
Linda Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and purulent meningitis among children ˂5 years in Cameroon, 2011–2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250010
Author(s):  
John Njuma Libwea ◽  
Mark A. Fletcher ◽  
Paul Koki Ndombo ◽  
Angeline Boula ◽  
Nadesh Taku Ashukem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
National Immunization Programme ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Impact

Background The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) entered Cameroon’s childhood national immunization programme (NIP) in July 2011 under a 3-dose schedule (6, 10, 14 weeks of age) without any catch-up. We described the impact of PCV13 onserotype distribution among pneumococcal meningitis cases over time. Methods We used laboratory-based sentinel surveillance data to identify meningitis cases among 2- to 59-month-old children with clinically-suspected bacterial meningitis (CSBM) admitted to hospitals in Yaoundé (August 2011-December 2018). Purulent meningitis cases had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count ≥20 per mm3. Pneumococcal meningitis cases had S. pneumoniae identified from CSF, with serotyping by polymerase chain reaction. Years 2011-2014 were described as early PCV13 era (EPE) and years 2015-2018 as late PCV13 era (LPE) impact periods. Results Among children hospitalized with CSBM who had a lumbar puncture obtained, there was no significant change from the EPE versus the LPE in the percentage identified with purulent meningitis: 7.5% (112/1486) versus 9.4% (154/1645), p = 0.0846. The percentage of pneumococcal meningitis cases due to PCV13 vaccine-serotype (VST) decreased from 62.0% (31/50) during the EPE to 35.8% (19/53) in the LPE, p = 0.0081. The most frequent pneumococcal meningitis VSTs during the EPE were 6A/6B (30%) and 5 (6%), and during the LPE were 14 (13.2%), 3 (7.6%), 4 (5.6%) and 18C (5.6%). Conclusion Four to seven years after PCV13 introduction, the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis due to vaccine serotypes has declined, mainly due to reductions of serotypes 6A/6B, 1, 19A, and 23F; nevertheless, PCV13 VSTs remain common. Because the analyzed surveillance system was not consistent or population based, we could not estimate incidence or overall impact; this emphasizes the need for improved surveillance to document further the utility of PCV13 immunization in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Ju-Ling Chen ◽  
Chien-Chou Su ◽  
Wen-Liang Lin ◽  
Min-Ling Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implementation Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on overall community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and disease severity still needs thorough evaluation. In this study, we retrieve both pneumococcal CAP (P-CAP) and unspecific CAP (U-CAP) inpatient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHID) between 2005 and 2016. The interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was performed to compare the incidence trend before and after the implementation of PCV13. After PCV13 implementation, there is a significant decreasing trend of P-CAP hospitalization, especially in children <1 year, 2–5 years, adults aged 19–65 years, 66 years, or older (all p value < 0.05). This corresponds to a 59% reduction in children <1 year, 47% in children aged 2–5 years, 39% in adult aged 19–65 years, and 41% in elderly aged 66 years or older. The intensive care rate (6.8% to 3.9%), severe pneumonia cases (21.7 to 14.5 episodes per 100,000 children–years), and the need for invasive procedures (4.3% to 2.0%) decreased in children aged 2–5 years (p value < 0.0001) with P-CAP. This PCV13 implementation program in Taiwan not only reduced the incidence of P-CAP, but also attenuated disease severity, especially in children aged 2–5 years.

The impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood community-acquired pneumonia and bacteriologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NAITO ◽  
J. TANAKA ◽  
K. NAGASHIMA ◽  
B. CHANG ◽  
H. HISHIKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYHeptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2010. We investigated the impact of PCV7 on childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP). Children aged <5 years living in Chiba city, Japan, who were admitted to hospitals were enrolled to estimate the incidence of CAP based on the mid-year population. PP was determined by the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cultured blood and/or sputum samples of CAP patients. The incidence of CAP and S. pneumoniae isolated from PP patients was compared before (April 2008–March 2009) and after (April 2012–March 2013) the introduction of PCV7 immunization. The annual incidence of CAP was reduced [incidence rate ratio 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·73–0·90]. When comparing post-vaccine with pre-vaccine periods, the odds ratio for PP incidence was 0·60 (95% CI 0·39–0·93, P = 0·024). PCV7-covered serotypes markedly decreased (66·6% in pre-vaccine vs. 15·6% in post-vaccine, P < 0·01), and serotypes 6C, 15A, 15C and 19A increased. Multidrug-resistant international clones in the pre-vaccine period (Spain6B-2/ST90, Taiwan19F-14/ST236) decreased, while Sweden15A-25/ST63 was the dominant clone in the post-vaccine period. A significant reduction in the incidence of both CAP hospitalizations and culture-confirmed PP of vaccine serotypes was observed at 2 years after PCV7 vaccination.

scholarly journals The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in children with comorbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellinor Sterky ◽  
Rutger Bennet ◽  
Ann Lindstrand ◽  
Margareta Eriksson ◽  
Anna Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the paediatric immunisation programme in Iceland—A population-based time series analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249497
Author(s):  
Elias Eythorsson ◽  
Tinna L. Ásgeirsdóttir ◽  
Helga Erlendsdóttir ◽  
Birgir Hrafnkelsson ◽  
Karl G. Kristinsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of infections that range in severity from acute otitis media (AOM) to pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) was introduced into the Icelandic paediatric immunisation programme in 2011. The aim was to estimate the population impact and cost-effectiveness of PHiD-CV10 introduction. Methods Data on primary care visits from 2005–2015 and hospitalisations from 2005–2017 were obtained from population-based registries. A Bayesian time series analysis with synthetic controls was employed to estimate the number of cases of AOM, pneumonia and IPD that would have occurred between 2013–2017, had PHiD-CV10 not been introduced. Prevented cases were calculated by subtracting the observed number of cases from this estimate. The cost of the programme was calculated accounting for cost-savings due to prevented cases. Results The introduction of PHiD-CV10 prevented 13,767 (95% credible interval [CI] 2,511–29,410) visits for AOM from 2013–2015, and prevented 1,814 (95%CI -523-4,512) hospitalisations for pneumonia and 53 (95%CI -17-177) admissions for IPD from 2013–2017. Visits for AOM decreased both among young children and among children 4–19 years of age, with rate ratios between 0.72–0.89. Decreases were observed in both pneumonia hospitalisations (rate ratios between 0.67–0.92) and IPD (rate ratios between 0.27–0.94). The total cost of implementing PHiD-CV10 in Iceland was -7,463,176 United States Dollars (USD) (95%CI -16,159,551–582,135) with 2.1 USD (95%CI 0.2–4.7) saved for every 1 USD spent. Conclusions The introduction of PHiD-CV10 was associated with large decreases in visits and hospitalisations for infections commonly caused by pneumococcus and was cost-saving during the first five years of the immunisation programme.

scholarly journals Impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. ELEMRAID ◽  
S. P. RUSHTON ◽  
M. D. F. SHIRLEY ◽  
M. F. THOMAS ◽  
D. A. SPENCER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
North East ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYIn September 2006, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was added to the UK immunization programme. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV7 on the incidence of all-cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. A prospective survey was undertaken in 2008–2009 at 11 hospitals in North East England of children aged 0–16 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Data were compared to those from a similar survey undertaken in the same hospitals in 2001–2002. A total of 542 children were enrolled, of which 74% were aged <5 years. PCV7 uptake was 90·7%. The incidence of pneumonia was 11·8/10 000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10·9–12·9], and the hospitalization rate was 9·9/10 000 (95% CI 9·0–10·9). Compared to 2001, there was a 19% (95% CI 8–29) reduction in the rate of CAP in those aged <5 years, and in those <2 years a 33·1% (95% CI 20–45) reduction in the incidence of CAP and 38·1% (95% CI 24–50) reduction in hospitalization rates. However, for those unvaccinated aged ⩾5 years, there was no difference in the incidence of CAP and hospitalization rate between both surveys. Since 2001, the overall reduction in incidence was 17·7% (95% CI 8–26) and for hospitalization 18·5% (95% CI 8–28). For the <5 years age group there was a lower incidence of CAP in PCV7-vaccinated children (25·2/10 000, 95% CI 22·6–28·2) than in those that were not vaccinated (37·4/10 000, 95% CI 29·2–47·1). In conclusion, PCV7 has reduced both incidence and rate of hospitalization of pneumonia in children, particularly in the <2 years age group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document