scholarly journals The Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Carriage in the Community Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M M van Deursen ◽  
Marlies A van Houten ◽  
Chris Webber ◽  
Michael Patton ◽  
Daniel Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children After the Introduction of Generalized Infant Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Rose ◽  
Maren Laurenz ◽  
Ralf Sprenger ◽  
Matthias Imöhl ◽  
Mark van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Infant

Epidemiological data on nasopharyngeal (NP) bacterial carriage in children in Germany are scarce. We prospectively characterized NP colonization to evaluate the impact of pneumococcal immunization. We longitudinally collected NP swabs from 2-month-old infants (visit 1; V1) at eight representative pediatric offices 10/2008-06/2009. The second swabs were taken at age 9–12 months (V2); the third swab was taken 3–6 months after the booster vaccination at age 17–19 months (V3), and the fourth swab (V4) at age 59–61 months. Samples were broth enriched, cultured for bacteria, and isolates were serotyped. Demographic risk factors for colonization were evaluated. Among 242 vaccinees, bacterial NP carriage increased with age [from 27.2% (V1) to 70.1% (V4)]; leading isolates were S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. pyogenes. Overall pneumococcal carriage increased [14.7% (V1), 31.5% (V2), 34.8% (V3), 42.2% (V4)], being even greater among day-care attendees. Serotype distribution changed during the study period, with vaccine serotypes declining. At visit 4, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) serotypes were no longer among the NP flora, while some serotypes unique to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; 3 and 19A) were found. In Germany, universal infant PCV immunization was associated with an almost complete eradication of PCV-serotypes and concomitant increase of non-PCV-serotypes, mainly 11A, 22F, and 23A.

scholarly journals Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Ju-Ling Chen ◽  
Chien-Chou Su ◽  
Wen-Liang Lin ◽  
Min-Ling Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implementation Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on overall community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and disease severity still needs thorough evaluation. In this study, we retrieve both pneumococcal CAP (P-CAP) and unspecific CAP (U-CAP) inpatient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHID) between 2005 and 2016. The interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was performed to compare the incidence trend before and after the implementation of PCV13. After PCV13 implementation, there is a significant decreasing trend of P-CAP hospitalization, especially in children <1 year, 2–5 years, adults aged 19–65 years, 66 years, or older (all p value < 0.05). This corresponds to a 59% reduction in children <1 year, 47% in children aged 2–5 years, 39% in adult aged 19–65 years, and 41% in elderly aged 66 years or older. The intensive care rate (6.8% to 3.9%), severe pneumonia cases (21.7 to 14.5 episodes per 100,000 children–years), and the need for invasive procedures (4.3% to 2.0%) decreased in children aged 2–5 years (p value < 0.0001) with P-CAP. This PCV13 implementation program in Taiwan not only reduced the incidence of P-CAP, but also attenuated disease severity, especially in children aged 2–5 years.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Carriage, Serotype Distribution, and Risk Factors in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, 5 Years After Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Abera Negash ◽  
Daniel Asrat ◽  
Workeabeba Abebe ◽  
Tewodros Hailemariam ◽  
Meseret Gebre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage

Abstract Background There is a scarcity of data on pneumococcal serotypes carried by children in Ethiopia. We studied pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotypes, and risk factors among children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods A prospective observational cohort study was performed in children with CAP, aged 0–15 years, in 2 pediatric emergency departments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured, and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined by sequencing the cpsB gene and by the Quellung reaction. Risk factors were analyzed by using binary logistic regression. Results Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 362 children with CAP. Pneumococcal carriage rate was 21.5% (78 of 362). The most common serotypes were 19A (27%), 16F (8.5%), and 6A (4.9%). In addition, 8.5% of the pneumococcal isolates were nontypeable. In bivariate analysis, children with a parent that smokes were more likely to carry pneumococci (crude odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–12.3; P = .023) than those with parents that do not smoke. In multivariable analysis, living in a house with ≥2 rooms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28–0.82; P = .007) and vaccination with ≥2 doses of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.92; P = .033) were protective of pneumococcal carriage. Conclusions Five years after introduction of PCV10 in Ethiopia, the vaccine-related serotype 19A was predominant in the nasopharynx of children with CAP. Continued evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of PCV10 on pneumococcal serotype distribution in Ethiopia is warranted.

The impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood community-acquired pneumonia and bacteriologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NAITO ◽  
J. TANAKA ◽  
K. NAGASHIMA ◽  
B. CHANG ◽  
H. HISHIKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYHeptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2010. We investigated the impact of PCV7 on childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP). Children aged <5 years living in Chiba city, Japan, who were admitted to hospitals were enrolled to estimate the incidence of CAP based on the mid-year population. PP was determined by the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cultured blood and/or sputum samples of CAP patients. The incidence of CAP and S. pneumoniae isolated from PP patients was compared before (April 2008–March 2009) and after (April 2012–March 2013) the introduction of PCV7 immunization. The annual incidence of CAP was reduced [incidence rate ratio 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·73–0·90]. When comparing post-vaccine with pre-vaccine periods, the odds ratio for PP incidence was 0·60 (95% CI 0·39–0·93, P = 0·024). PCV7-covered serotypes markedly decreased (66·6% in pre-vaccine vs. 15·6% in post-vaccine, P < 0·01), and serotypes 6C, 15A, 15C and 19A increased. Multidrug-resistant international clones in the pre-vaccine period (Spain6B-2/ST90, Taiwan19F-14/ST236) decreased, while Sweden15A-25/ST63 was the dominant clone in the post-vaccine period. A significant reduction in the incidence of both CAP hospitalizations and culture-confirmed PP of vaccine serotypes was observed at 2 years after PCV7 vaccination.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal pneumonia and carriage in Africa before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 2000–2019: protocol for systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton L. Kalata ◽  
Tinashe K. Nyazika ◽  
Todd D. Swarthout ◽  
Dean Everett ◽  
Neil French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAfrica harbours a high burden of pneumococcal disease, with associated high mortality rates. Despite 34 countries introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which reduces the risk of pneumococcal carriage (a prerequisite for disease) of some of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes, it remains uncertain whether they will achieve the sustained direct or indirect protection necessary to reduce pneumococcal carriage to levels sufficient to interrupt transmission and disease. We will therefore summarise the available data on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing vaccine serotype carriage and pneumococcal pneumonia in Africa between 2000 and 2019.Methods and analysisUsing a predetermined search strategy, we will conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Excerpta Medica Database, the ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), Scopus and the African Index Medicus to identify published studies reporting the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (vaccine type and non-vaccine type), incidence rates of pneumococcal pneumonia and mortality among children, adults and HIV-infected (all-ages) pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and post-PCV introduction (published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019) in African countries that have introduced PCVs (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) in their routine national immunisation programme. The studies retained and data extracted will be assessed for bias using prevalidated tools and checklists. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2 test on Cochrane Q statistic. A random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage and incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia across studies with similar characteristics. Results will be reported in compliance with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol has been prepared in accordance to the 2015 guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethical approval as we will be using already published data. The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130976.

scholarly journals The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in children with comorbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellinor Sterky ◽  
Rutger Bennet ◽  
Ann Lindstrand ◽  
Margareta Eriksson ◽  
Anna Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. ELEMRAID ◽  
S. P. RUSHTON ◽  
M. D. F. SHIRLEY ◽  
M. F. THOMAS ◽  
D. A. SPENCER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
North East ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYIn September 2006, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was added to the UK immunization programme. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV7 on the incidence of all-cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. A prospective survey was undertaken in 2008–2009 at 11 hospitals in North East England of children aged 0–16 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Data were compared to those from a similar survey undertaken in the same hospitals in 2001–2002. A total of 542 children were enrolled, of which 74% were aged <5 years. PCV7 uptake was 90·7%. The incidence of pneumonia was 11·8/10 000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10·9–12·9], and the hospitalization rate was 9·9/10 000 (95% CI 9·0–10·9). Compared to 2001, there was a 19% (95% CI 8–29) reduction in the rate of CAP in those aged <5 years, and in those <2 years a 33·1% (95% CI 20–45) reduction in the incidence of CAP and 38·1% (95% CI 24–50) reduction in hospitalization rates. However, for those unvaccinated aged ⩾5 years, there was no difference in the incidence of CAP and hospitalization rate between both surveys. Since 2001, the overall reduction in incidence was 17·7% (95% CI 8–26) and for hospitalization 18·5% (95% CI 8–28). For the <5 years age group there was a lower incidence of CAP in PCV7-vaccinated children (25·2/10 000, 95% CI 22·6–28·2) than in those that were not vaccinated (37·4/10 000, 95% CI 29·2–47·1). In conclusion, PCV7 has reduced both incidence and rate of hospitalization of pneumonia in children, particularly in the <2 years age group.

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