In vitro predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Ancylostoma ceylanicum third-stage larvae

AbstractThe predatory capacity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) and A. robusta (I-31) on infective Ancylostoma sp. larvae (L3) was evaluated. Compared with the control without fungi there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 87.02%, 82.74%, 47.93%, 60.49%, 76.89%, 71.33% and 86.02% in the mean number of Ancylostoma sp. (L3) recovered from treatments with the isolates AC001, NF34a, CGI, SF53, I-40, CG719 and I-31, respectively. Isolates AC001, I-31 and NF34a were more effective in capturing L3 during the in vitro assay. Isolates were then in vivo evaluated for the capacity to remain viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, while still maintaining their predatory activity against L3. Fungal isolates survived the passage and showed efficient predation 48 h after fungal administration to the dogs (P < 0.05). After this time, only the isolate NF34a remained effective up to 96 h after administration (P < 0.05). Monacrosporium thaumasium, D. flagrans and A. robusta are potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma sp. in dogs.

Download Full-text

In vitro biological control of infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612012000300018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 283-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernanda Mara Fernandes ◽

Jackson Victor Araújo ◽

Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães ◽

Juliana Milani Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Live Weight ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽

Predatory Activity ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Group 10

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum after gastrointestinal transit in hamsters. Twenty animals were used in the experiment, divided into two groups: a treated group (10 animals) and a control group (10 animals). In the group treated with D. flagrans, each animal received mycelium from the AC001 isolate, at an oral dose of 5 mg/25 g of live weight. To evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus, fecal samples were collected from the animals in both groups, at the times of 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36 hours after the treatment. Then, subsamples of 2 g of feces were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% WA) culture medium and 1000 L3 of A. ceylanicum. Over the study period, the following percentage reductions were observed: 43.2% (6 hours), 30.8% (8 hours), 25.8% (12 hours), 30% (24 hours) and 11% (36 hours). The fungus D. flagrans presented predatory activity on the L3 of A. ceylanicum, after passing through the hamsters' gastrointestinal tract. It was therefore concluded that the fungus D. flagrans may be an alternative for biological control of the L3 of A. ceylanicum.

Download Full-text

In vitro predatory activity of conidia of fungal isolates of the Duddingtonia flagrans on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-86829612013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 108-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Juliana Milani Araujo ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽

Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽

Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Predatory Activity ◽

Fungal Isolates

Download Full-text

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽

Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽

Letícia Ianke ◽

Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽

Matheus Deniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Treated Group ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Control Group ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Predatory Activity ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

Download Full-text

The nematode-trapping efficacy of two chlamydospore-forming fungi against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2005291 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.B. Chauhan ◽

P.K. Sanyal ◽

R.B. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Third Stage ◽

Indian Isolates ◽

Set Up

AbstractAn in vitro study was carried out to determine efficacy of Indian isolates of the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Duddingtonia flagrans to capture infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. These fungi have previously been screened and selected for their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep without losing growth and nematode capturing potential. Following the feeding of chlamydospores of these two fungi alone or in combination in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, coprocultures were set up to enumerate the infective third stage larvae. The number of larvae captured from faeces of fungus-fed sheep was significantly higher compared with fungus-unfed controls irrespective of the fungus used. The fungal combination produced no antagonistic effect and thus can be used as efficiently as the fungi alone in the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes.

Download Full-text

In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-011-9848-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 1589-1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽

Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Juliana Milani Araujo ◽

Fernanda Mara Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Predatory Activity ◽

Infective Larvae

Download Full-text

Comparison of novel and existing tools for studying drug sensitivity against the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum in vitro

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182011001934 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 348-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

LUCIENNE TRITTEN ◽

OLIVIER BRAISSANT ◽

JENNIFER KEISER

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Isothermal Calorimetry ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Motility Assay ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽

Third Stage

SUMMARYThe motility assay is the current gold standard for evaluating drug effects on hookworm larvae and adults, however, among other drawbacks the assay is time consuming, and prone to individual subjectivity. We evaluated six alternative in vitro assays, namely the feeding inhibition assay, the colourimetric AlamarBlue®, MTT formazan and acid phosphatase activity assays, as well as isothermal calorimetry and the xCELLigence System using Ancylostoma ceylanicum third-stage larvae, stimulated third-stage larvae and adults. The performances of the assays were compared to the motility assay using three standard drugs: albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin (100–1 μg/ml). None of the assays investigated offered an advantage over the motility assay, because they were all inapplicable to third-stage larvae, which were presumably metabolically and physically too inactive. Among all assays tested the xCELLigence System performed best on adult worms as the test was accurate, simple, required a minimal number of worms and offered the possibility for conducting a medium-throughput screening.

Download Full-text

The effect of catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists on the third larval moult of Dirofilaria immitis in vitro

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00014711 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. V. Warbrick ◽

S. A. Ward

Keyword(s):

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

The Third ◽

Adrenergic Antagonist ◽

Third Stage ◽

Larval Moult

ABSTRACTVarious catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists have been examined for their effects on the third larval moult of the parasitic nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, cultured in vitro. The non-selective α and β agonist, noradrenaline, and the β agonist, isoprenaline, had no effect on the timing of the third stage moult when used at a concentration of 10−5M. The α-adrenergic antagonist. phentolamine, resulted in worm mortality at 10−5M. At 10−7M, both phentolamine and the β-antagonist, propranolol caused a significant reduction in the numbers of larvae capable of completing the third stage moult. Idazoxan, an a2-antagonist, at 10−5M did not affect worm mortality but did completely prevent ecdysis. The potential of these compounds as possible filaricides is discussed.

Download Full-text