Epidemiology of canine distemper and canine parvovirus in domestic dogs in urban and rural areas of the Araucanía region in Chile

Domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. Two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as African wild dogs and African lions, respectively. The impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in Zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessment and implementation of control measures. In this study, domestic dogs in north-western Zimbabwe were evaluated for antibodies to CDV, CPV, and canine adenovirus (CAV). These dogs were communal and had no vaccination history. Two hundred and twenty-five blood samples were collected and tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to CPV, CDV, and CAV. Of these dogs, 75 (34%) had detectable antibodies to CDV, whilst 191 (84%) had antibodies to CPV. Antibodies to canine adenovirus were present in 28 (13%) dogs. Canine parvovirus had high prevalence in all six geographic areas tested. These results indicate that CPV is circulating widely amongst domestic dogs in the region. In addition, CDV is present at high levels. Both pathogens can infect wildlife species. Efforts for conservation of large carnivores in Zimbabwe must address the role of domestic dogs in disease transmission.

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Seroprevalence of viral and vector-borne bacterial pathogens in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in northern Botswana

10.1101/711010 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Riley E. Thompson ◽

Hayley Adams ◽

Agricola Odoi ◽

Melissa A. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Tick Control ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Okavango Delta ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Vector Borne

AbstractBackgroundDomestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have the potential to act as disease reservoirs for wildlife and are important sentinels for common circulating pathogens. Therefore, the infectious disease seroprevalence among domestic dogs in northern Botswana may be indicative of pathogen exposure of various wildlife species. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria immitis, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus in domestic dogs as proxies of disease prevalence in the local wildlife in the Okavango Delta region of Botswana. Statistical analysis assessed crude and factor-specific seroprevalence proportions and assessed the factors age, sex, and geographical location as predictors of seropositivity. Logistic regression was used to identify adjusted predictors of seropositivity for each of the pathogens of interest.ResultsSamples from 233 dogs in a total of 7 locations in Maun, Botswana, and surrounding villages were collected and serologically analyzed. No dogs were seropositive for B. burgdorferi, while low seroprevalence proportions were observed for Anaplasma spp. (2.2%) and D. immitis (0.9%). Higher seroprevalence proportions were observed for the tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia spp. (21.0%), and 19.7% were seropositive for canine adenovirus (hepatitis). The highest seroprevalence proportions were for canine parvovirus (70.0%) and canine distemper virus (44.8%). The predictors of seropositivity revealed that adults were more likely to be seropositive for canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, and canine parvovirus than juveniles, and location was a risk factor for canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and Ehrlichia spp.ConclusionsResults indicate that increasing tick control and vaccination campaigns for domestic dogs may improve the health of domestic animals, and potentially wildlife and humans in the Okavango Delta since viral and vector-borne bacterial pathogens can be transmitted between them.

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Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province, southern Chile

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.cimid.2016.11.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Francisco Soto ◽

Romina Walker ◽

Maximiliano Sepulveda ◽

Pedro Bittencourt ◽

Gerardo Acosta-Jamett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in the municipality of Poconé, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science ◽

10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.158367 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. e158367

Author(s):

Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽

Juliana Maria Vasconcelos Grangeiro ◽

Daniel Moura de Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

The State ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Tis study evaluated the presence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 320 domestic dogs living in urban and rural areas of the municipality of Poconé, located in the Pantanal wetlands of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Anti-N. caninum (cut-of point 50) and anti-T. gondii (cut-of point 16) antibodies were detected by means of immunofuorescence assays (IFA), using NC-Bahia and RH strains as antigens, respectively. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in 69 (21.56%; 95% CI: 17.27%-26.56%) dogs, 31 (44.93%) of which lived in urban areas and 38 (55.07%) in rural areas, and endpoint titers ranged from 50 to 3200. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 132 (41.25%; 95% CI: 35.84%-46.87%) dogs, 58 (43.94%) from urban areas and 74 (56.06%) from rural areas, and endpoint titers ranged from 16 to 8192. A total of 33 dogs (10.3%) (12 urban and 21 rural animals) reacted to both agents (P <0.05). Tis study showed a higher prevalence of anti-T. gondii compared to anti-N. caninum antibodies in the dogs living in the Pantanal region, suggesting that both protozoans circulate in the studied region. Tis information is relevant, in view of its implications for animal and public health.

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