scholarly journals Efficacy of condensed tannins against larval Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) in vitro and in the intermediate host Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Dhakal ◽  
Nicolai V. Meyling ◽  
Andrew R. Williams ◽  
Irene Mueller-Harvey ◽  
Christos Fryganas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta

Hymenolepis diminuta: influence of metacestodes on synthesis and secretion of fat body protein and its ovarian sequestration in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hurd ◽  
C. Arme
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Fat Bodies

SUMMARYFemale Tenebrio molitor infected with metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta exhibit elevated concentrations of female-specific proteins in their haemolymph and the origin of these has been investigated. Following a 4 h in vitro incubation with [14C]leucine, fat bodies from non-infected females secreted 13 times more protein than those from females 12 days post-infection. A comparison of the uptake in vivo of radio-isotope labelled amino acids by ovaries from non-infected and infected beetles of various ages revealed no differences; however, a 51·5% decrease in protein sequestration was detected in females 12 days post-infection. Electrophoresis of homogenates of radio-isotope labelled ovaries demonstrated that the majority of label was associated with vitellin sub-units. It is suggested that the decrease in vitellogenin sequestration associated with infection results in an increase in the haemolymph concentration of these proteins despite a concomitant reduction in their secretion by fat bodies. Both fat body synthesis and ovarian sequestration are under juvenile hormone control and it is proposed that metacestodes of H. diminuta may cause a reduction in the concentration of this hormone in the intermediate host.

Evidence against the hypothesis that metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta inhibit corpora allata functioning in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hurd ◽  
R. J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Control Female ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYSeveral of the pathophysiological responses made by the beetle Tenebrio molitor, when infected with metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta, may be attributed to a parasite-induced reduction in host juvenile hormone titre. It has been suggested that production of this hormone by the corpora allata may be inhibited in parasitized insects. This hypothesis was tested using an in vitro radiochemical assay to compare the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone by single pairs of corpora allata taken from mated 12- and 15-day-old infected and control female insects. The results demonstrate, however, that there was no difference in hormone production associated with metacestode infection. Other possible mechanisms for parasite interference in this host endocrine system are discussed.

Hymenolepis diminuta: metacestode-induced reduction in the synthesis of the yolk protein, vitellogenin, in the fat body of Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Webb ◽  
H. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Vitellogenin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYVitellogenin synthesis by the fat body has been monitored using in vitro culture and immunoprecipitation. This system was found to be efficient for measuring vitellogenin production in both non-infected Tenebrio molitor and those infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. In fat bodies from infected beetles, vitellogenin production was decreased by up to 75% (day 24 post-infection) and, at all times investigated, vitellogenin synthesis was significantly below control levels (days 3–30 post-infection). Incubating fat bodies from control insects with isolated metacestodes indicated that this may be a direct effect by the parasite which is developmental stage-specific. Stage II, but not stage III–IV, nor heat-killed parasites could bring about this decrease in vitellogenin. In addition, these effects may be density dependent within the range of 2–20 parasites per fat body; only 2 metacestodes were necessary to cause a significant decrease. Since metacestodes do not take up vitellogenin, nor limit the amount of [14C] leucine available to the fat body for vitellogenin production, it is conceivable that the parasite produces a potent inhibitor of vitellogenin synthesis, or a molecule which induces cells within the fat body to do so.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

Hymenolepis diminuta: an investigation of juvenile hormone titre, degradation and supplementation in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hurd ◽  
C. Strambi ◽  
N. E. Beckage
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Control

SUMMARYMetacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta cause a perturbance of vitellogenesis in the intermediate host Tenebrio molitor. The reduction in host reproductive output associated with infection may be due to this pathophysiology. Many of these events are regulated by host juvenile hormone (JH). A comparison of the titre of JH and its rate of degradation in female control and parasitized 15-day-old insects has been made. Haemolymph from female beetles contained 1·27 pMol JH equivalents/100 µl. No significant difference was associated with infection. However, topical application of a JH analogue, methoprene, at the time of infecion or 8 days post-infection reduced the significant accumulation of vitellogenin usually found in the haemolymph of females 12 days or more post-infection. These findings indicate that parasite-induced alteration of host vitellogenesis is not mediated via alteration in JH titres, although observations made after hormone supplementation suggest some form of interaction between the parasite and the host endocrine system.

Effects of parasite strain and intermediate host species on carbohydrate intermediary metabolism in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Mettrick ◽  
M. S. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Parasite Strain ◽  
End Products ◽  
Lactate Excretion

Two strains of Hymenolepis diminuta were reared using Tribolium confusum and Tenebrio molitor as intermediate hosts. The carbohydrate metabolism, excreted end products, and adenine nucleotide levels of the adult parasites were compared following 60-min in vitro incubations, in the presence or absence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The strain of parasite, species of intermediate host, and the presence of 5-HT had significant effects on tissue levels of intermediaries in carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolic activity was greater when Tr. confusum was the intermediate host. With Te. molitor, the pool sizes and excretory products were increased compared with Tr. confusum. Discriminant analysis indicated that fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and phosphoenolpyruvate accounted for 82% of the significant variance between the two parasite strains; succinate accounted for 39% of the differences between hosts; lactate, FDP, pyruvate, and acetate accounted for 45% of the differences owing to 5-HT. Acetate and lactate excretion accounted for 47% of the variance between strains; lactate, acetate, and total end products accounted for 58% of the variance between hosts; lactate, acetate, and total excreted products accounted for 38% of the variance owing to 5-HT. AMP accounted for 20% of the variance between strains; ATP and ADP accounted for 74% of the variance between hosts.

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