Rubber band-assisted closure of a mucosal defect following duodenal EMR

Peptic ulcer disease is an injury of the alimentary tract that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural potent antioxidant, has been known as a gastroprotective drug yet its low bioavailability may restrict its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to formulate and optimize ALA using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) with a size of nano-range, enhancing its absorption and augmenting its gastric ulcer protection efficacy. Three SNEDDS components were selected as the design factors: the concentrations of the pumpkin oil (X1, 10–30%), the surfactant tween 80 (X2, 20–50%), and the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 200 (X3, 30–60%). The experimental design for the proposed mixture produced 16 formulations with varying ALA-SNEDDS formulation component percentages. The optimized ALA-SNEDDS formula was investigated for gastric ulcer protective effects by evaluating the ulcer index and by the determination of gastric mucosa oxidative stress parameters. Results revealed that optimized ALA-SNEDDS achieved significant improvement in gastric ulcer index in comparison with raw ALA. Histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of the formulated optimized ALASNEDDS in comparison with raw ALA. These findings suggest that formulation of ALA in SNEDDS form would be more effective in gastric ulcer protection compared to pure ALA.

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Prospective clinical and laboratory studies of rubber band ligators for obliteration of medium and small esophageal varices

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/s0016-5107(97)80189-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. AB71

Author(s):

DM Jensen ◽

G.A. Machicado ◽

K Hirabayashi

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Varices ◽

Rubber Band ◽

Laboratory Studies

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Theory of Thermodynamic Variables of Rubber Band Heat Engine

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/739/1/012091 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 739 ◽

pp. 012091 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurhidayah Muharayu ◽

Widayani ◽

Khairurrijal

Keyword(s):

Heat Engine ◽

Rubber Band ◽

Thermodynamic Variables

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Packing Optimization by Enhanced Rubber Band Analogy

Volume 2: 31st Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/detc2005-85502 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Dong ◽

Georges M. Fadel ◽

Vincent Y. Blouin

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Rubber Band ◽

Volume Relaxation ◽

New Developments ◽

Packing Problems ◽

Rubber Balloon ◽

Elastic Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Packing Optimization

In this paper, some new developments to the packing optimization method based on the rubber band analogy are presented. This method solves packing problems by simulating the physical movements of a set of objects wrapped by a rubber band in the case of two-dimensional problems or by a rubber balloon in the case of three-dimensional problems. The objects are subjected to elastic forces applied by the rubber band to their vertices as well as reaction forces when contacts between objects occur. Based on these forces, objects translate or rotate until maximum compactness is reached. To improve the compactness further, the method is enhanced by adding two new operators: volume relaxation and temporary retraction. These two operators allow temporary volume (elastic energy) increase to get potentially better packing results. The method is implemented and applied for three-dimensional arbitrary shape objects.

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Functional Restoration after Subtotal Glossectomy and Laryngectomy

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988809800102 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Moises Mitrani ◽

Yosef P. Krespi

Keyword(s):

Functional Results ◽

Pulmonary Complications ◽

Functional Restoration ◽

Tongue Base ◽

Extensive Resection ◽

Mucosal Defect ◽

Radiotherapy Alone ◽

Intractable Aspiration ◽

Posterior Tongue ◽

Supraglottic Larynx

Extensive resection of carcinoma that involves the tongue base and supraglottic larynx is accompanied by significant potential morbidity and mortality. This is often indicated by poor rates of cure and the limited palliation afforded by radiotherapy alone. Removal of a significant portion of the posterior tongue frequently results in intractable aspiration. Techniques in reconstruction of the oropharyngeal defect and tongue base have included primary closure, random flaps, and myocutaneous flaps. Each of these techniques has been successful, to some degree, in resurfacing pharyngeal defects. However, the functional results in regard to deglutition are less than satisfactory as a result of aspiration. Frequently, simultaneous or delayed total laryngectomy is performed to deal with the pulmonary complications. Various types of laryngoplasty do not uniformly correct the problems of aspiration and deglutition associated with subtotal glossectomy. Our experience includes eight patients who had advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base, vallecula, and the supraglottic larynx. All patients underwent partial or subtotal glossectomy and laryngectomy. The mucosal defect was reconstructed with pectoralis myocutaneous flap. In order to reestablish voice, a primary tracheopharyngeal shunt was created with the use of a portion of cricoid and upper trachea. The majority of these patients have had successful rehabilitation of deglutition, mastication, and speech.

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The Rubber Pendulum, the Joule Effect, and the Dynamic Stress-Strain Curve

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3539424 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 151-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. B. Wiegand ◽

J. W. Snyder

Keyword(s):

Strain Curve ◽

Electric Heating ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Rubber Band ◽

The Other ◽

General Description ◽

Joule Effect ◽

Heat Engines ◽

Metal Shield ◽

Original Length

Abstract General Description.—The rubber pendulum is one of two devices (Wiegand, Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 1, 141 (1925)) which, by employing the Joule effect, constitute rubber heat engines in that they continuously convert heat into mechanical work. In Fig. 1 is shown the original pendulum. It consists of an ordinary pendulum of slow period fitted with a rubber band, one end of which is attached to the bob; the other to the upright support. This rubber band is stretched to four or five times its original length. Behind the upright is a metal shield so arranged that when the bob has reached the extremity of its swing the rubber band is clear of the shield, during the rest of the oscillation being in its shadow. Behind the pendulum and shield is an electric heating element with a copper reflector. The pendulum is started by displacement from the center towards one or other extremity. As this is done the rubber band is increased in length. At the extremity of the oscillation the stretch band is exposed to the radiant heat from the element, the Joule effect is brought into play and the band tends to shrink, thus pulling back the bob. Directly the band moves back within the shadow of the shield it cools, relaxes, and so allows the bob to swing out to the other side. Thereupon the band is once more heated up, contracts and so repeats the oscillation, which continues as long as the heat energy is supplied. When the electric current is turned off the pendulum dies down.

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