Characterizaton of gamma delta T cells in Marek’s disease virus (Gallid herpesvirus 2) infection of chickens

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna M.S. Laursen ◽  
Raveendra R. Kulkarni ◽  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Brandon L. Plattner ◽  
Leah R. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cells ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2

scholarly journals An Anti-Tumor Vaccine Against Marek's Disease Virus Induces Differential Activation and Memory Response of γδ T Cells and CD8 T Cells in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Hao ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Aijian Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Marek’S Disease

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. The most efficacious vaccine, CVI988/Rispens (CVI988), against MD has been used for several decades. However, the mechanisms leading to protective immunity following vaccination are not fully understood. In this study, employing multi-parameter flow cytometry, we performed a comprehensive analysis of T cell responses in CVI988-vaccinated chickens. CVI988 vaccination induced significant expansion of γδ T cells and CD8α+ T cells but not CD4+ T cells in spleen, lung and blood at early time-points. The expansion of these cells was CVI988-specific as infection with very virulent MDV RB1B did not elicit expansion of either γδ or CD8α+ T cells. Phenotypic analysis showed that CVI988 vaccination elicited preferential proliferation of CD8α+ γδ T cells and CD8αα co-receptor expression was upregulated on γδ T cells and CD8α+ T cells after immunization. Additionally, cell sorting and quantitative RT-PCR showed that CVI988 vaccination activated γδ T cells and CD8α+ T cells which exhibited differential expression of cytotoxic and T cell-related cytokines. Lastly, secondary immunization with CVI988 induced the expansion of CD8+ T cells but not γδ T cells at higher magnitude, compared to primary immunization, suggesting CVI988 did induce memory CD8+ T cells but not γδ T cells in chickens. Our results, for the first time, reveal a potential role of γδ T cells in CVI988-induced immune protection and provide new insights into the mechanism of immune protection against oncogenic MDV.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Marek’s disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S Bell ◽  
David A Kennedy ◽  
Matthew J Jones ◽  
Christopher L Cairns ◽  
Utsav Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2 ◽  
Poultry Farms

AbstractThe evolution of Marek’s disease virus (MDV, Gallid herpesvirus 2) has threatened the sustainability of poultry farming in the past and its continued evolution remains a concern. Genetic diversity is key to understanding evolution, yet little is known about the diversity of MDV in the poultry industry. Here, we investigate the diversity of MDV on 19 Pennsylvanian poultry farms over a 3-year period. Using eight polymorphic markers, we found that at least twelve MDV haplotypes were co-circulating within a radius of 40 km. MDV diversity showed no obvious spatial clustering nor any apparent clustering by bird line: all of the virus haplotypes identified on the commercial farms could be found within a single, commonly reared bird line. On some farms, a single virus haplotype dominated for an extended period of time, while on other farms the observed haplotypes changed over time. In some instances, multiple haplotypes were found simultaneously on a farm, and even within a single dust sample. On one farm, co-occurring haplotypes clustered into phylogenetically distinct clades, putatively assigned as high and low virulence pathotypes. Although the vast majority of our samples came from commercial poultry farms, we found the most haplotype diversity on a noncommercial backyard farm experiencing an outbreak of clinical Marek’s disease. Future work to explore the evolutionary potential of MDV might therefore direct efforts toward farms that harbor multiple virus haplotypes, including both backyard farms and farms experiencing clinical Marek’s disease.

scholarly journals Genetic evolution of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated poultry farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1342-1353
Author(s):  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Hemat S. El-Sayed ◽  
Sabry E. Omar ◽  
Ahmed Erfan ◽  
Fatma Amer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2 ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Meq Gene

Background and Aim: The Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a neoplastic disease causing serious economic losses in poultry production. This study aimed to investigate MDV occurrence in poultry flocks in the Lower Egypt during the 2020 breakout and genetically characterized Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes in field strains of MDV. Materials and Methods: Forty samples were collected from different breeds from eight Egyptian governorates in 2020. All flocks had received a bivalent vaccine (herpesvirus of turkey FC-126 + Rispens CVI988). However, weight loss, emaciation, reduced egg production, paralysis, and rough/raised feather follicles occurred. Samples were collected from feather follicles, liver, spleen, and nerve tissue for diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction. MDV genetic characterization was then performed by sequencing the Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes of five positive samples representing different governorates and breeds. Results: A total of 28 samples were positive for MDV field strains, while two were related to MDV vaccinal strains. All samples tested negative for ALV (A, B, C, D, and J) and REV. Phylogenetic analysis of the Meq gene of sequenced samples revealed that all MDVs were related to the highly virulent European viruses (Gallid herpesvirus 2 ATE and PC12/30) with high amino acid (A.A.) identity 99.2-100%. Alternatively, there was low A.A. identity with the vaccine strains CVI988 and 3004 (up to 82.5%). These results indicate that further investigation of the efficacy of current Egyptian vaccines is required. The Egyptian strains also harbor a specific mutation, allowing clustering into two subgroups (A and B). By mutation analysis of the Meq gene, the Egyptian viruses in our study had R101K, P217A, and E263D mutations present in all Egyptian viruses. Furthermore, R176A and T180A mutations specific to our strains contributed to the high virulence of highly virulent strains. There were no mutations of the gL or ICP4 genes. Conclusion: Further studies should evaluate the protection contributed by current vaccines used in Egypt.

scholarly journals Kinetic Analysis of T Cells and Antibody Production in Chickens Infected with Marek's Disease Virus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki YAMAMOTO ◽  
Masakazu HATTORI ◽  
Kazuhiko OHASHI ◽  
Chihiro SUGIMOTO ◽  
Misao ONUMA
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease

scholarly journals Applying the isothermal DNA amplification method in identifying the Marek’s disease virus in poultry

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Agata Józefiak ◽  
Magdalena Kufel ◽  
Jarosław Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2

Marek's disease is a viral disease, a type of poultry cancer. It is caused by MDV serotype 1 (Marek's disease virus, MDV) viruses, also referred to as Gallid herpesvirus 2 belonging to the family Herpesviridae. The complete, fully infectious virus particles are present in the feathers and the nodules months can survive in the environment for many months. The use of isothermal amplification methods of genetic material (Loop - Mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP) virus MDV enables rapid and precise identification of the virus in difficult diagnostic material, including dust. By optimizing the reaction conditions and using at least two pairs of primers which bind to specific sites in the genome of the virus, this technique has high sensitivity and specificity. The technique makes it possible to detect of single copies of the meq oncogene – a unique region of DNA of the first type of virus MDV.

scholarly journals Marek’s Disease Virus Regulates the Ubiquitylome of Chicken CD4+ T Cells to Promote Tumorigenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
Shanli Wu ◽  
Hongda Zhou ◽  
Mengyun Wang ◽  
Menghan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
T Lymphoma Cells ◽  
T Lymphoma

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of cellular proteins are reciprocal reactions catalyzed by ubiquitination-related enzymes and deubiquitinase (DUB) which regulate almost all cellular processes. Marek’s disease virus (MDV) encodes a viral DUB that plays an important role in the MDV pathogenicity. Chicken CD4+ T-cell lymphoma induced by MDV is a key contributor to multiple visceral tumors and immunosuppression of chickens with Marek’s disease (MD). However, alterations in the ubiquitylome of MDV-induced T lymphoma cells are still unclear. In this study, a specific antibody against K-ε-GG was used to isolate ubiquitinated peptides from CD4+ T cells and MD T lymphoma cells. Mass spectrometry was used to compare and analyze alterations in the ubiquitylome. Our results showed that the ubiquitination of 717 and 778 proteins was significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in T lymphoma cells. MDV up- and downregulated ubiquitination of a similar percentage of proteins. The ubiquitination of transferases, especially serine/threonine kinases, was the main regulatory target of MDV. Compared with CD4+ T cells of the control group, MDV mainly altered the ubiquitylome associated with the signal transduction, immune system, cancer, and infectious disease pathways in T lymphoma cells. In these pathways, the ubiquitination of CDK1, IL-18, PRKCB, ETV6, and EST1 proteins was significantly up- or downregulated as shown by immunoblotting. The current study revealed that the MDV infection could exert a significant influence on the ubiquitylome of CD4+ T cells.

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