Fate mapping during regeneration: Cells that undergo compensatory proliferation in damaged Drosophila eye imaginal discs differentiate into multiple retinal accessory cell types

Rows of cells that flank the parasegment boundary make up a signaling center within the epidermis of the Drosophila embryo. Signals emanating from these cells, encoded by hedgehog (hh) and wingless (wg), are shown to be required for all segment pattern dorsally. Wg activity is required for the differentiation of one cell type, constituting half the parasegment. The gene lines appears to act in parallel to the Wg pathway in the elaboration of this cell type. Hh activity is responsible for three other cell types in the parasegment. Some cell types are specified as Hh activity and interfere with the function of patched, analogous to patterning of imaginal discs. However, some pattern is independent of the antagonism of patched by Hh, and relies instead on novel interactions with lines. Lastly, we provide evidence that decapentaplegic does not mediate patterning by Hh in the dorsal epidermis.

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Prepupal differentiation in Drosophila: distinct cell types elaborate a shared structure, the pupal cuticle, but accumulate transcripts in unique patterns

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.106.4.649 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 649-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Fechtel ◽

D.K. Fristrom ◽

J.W. Fristrom

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Imaginal Discs ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Distinct Cell ◽

Cuticle Proteins ◽

Shared Structure ◽

Pupal Cuticle

The components of the pupal cuticle are the main differentiation products synthesized by both the larval and adult epidermis during the prepupal period of Drosophila development. The pupal cuticle is formed in vitro by imaginal discs in response to a 6 h pulse of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). We previously described the isolation and initial characterization of four ecdysone-dependent genes (EDGs) whose expression in imaginal discs occurs only in response to a pulse of 20-HE. In this report, we demonstrate that the pattern of temporal and tissue-specific expression of these EDGs in vivo is like that expected for genes that encode pupal cuticle proteins. Transcripts of these genes are detected in prepupae only in the epidermis and only when cuticle components are synthesized and secreted. Nonetheless, their temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation differ. EDG-84A-1 transcripts accumulate only in prepupae and only in imaginal cells. EDG-78E and EDG-64CD transcripts accumulate at the same time in both larval and imaginal cells. EDG42-A transcripts appear first in prepupae in imaginal cells and then, after a 2–4 h lag, in larval cells. It is evident that some genes are not restricted in their expression to only larval or imaginal epidermis.

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The role of selectins in Drosophila eye and bristle development

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.1.169 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 169-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.A. Leshko-Lindsay ◽

V.G. Corces

Keyword(s):

Protein Interactions ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Lectin Binding ◽

Imaginal Discs ◽

Binding Domain ◽

Sensory Organs ◽

Cell Determination ◽

Drosophila Eye

Mutations in the furrowed (fw) gene of Drosophila result in defects in the development of the eye and mechanosensory bristles. The eyes are reduced in size, have furrows or crevices in the retina, and show a disturbed patterning of ommatidia. In addition, the ommatidia have an altered morphology and often contain abnormal numbers of cells. The bristles show altered structure and polarity, and are occasionally duplicated or missing. These results suggest that the product of thefw gene is involved in cell determination events within sensory organs. Thefw gene has been cloned and shown to encode a protein homologous to vertebrate selectins. Like selectins, Fw contains a lectin-binding domain, ten complement binding repeats, and a transmembrane domain. The Fw protein is expressed in the larval imaginal discs where it might mediate carbohydrate-protein interactions necessary for proper development of a subset of adult sensory organs.

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Compensatory Proliferation in Drosophila Imaginal Discs Requires Dronc-Dependent p53 Activity

Current Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.046 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 1606-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Brent S. Wells ◽

Eri Yoshida ◽

Laura A. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Imaginal Discs ◽

Compensatory Proliferation

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Distinct Mechanisms of Apoptosis-Induced Compensatory Proliferation in Proliferating and Differentiating Tissues in the Drosophila Eye

Developmental Cell ◽

10.1016/j.devcel.2008.01.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 399-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Yun Fan ◽

Andreas Bergmann

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Eye ◽

Compensatory Proliferation

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Quantitative proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals altered mitochondrial metabolism and folate biosynthesis pathways in the aging Drosophila eye

10.1101/2021.06.02.446766 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Hall ◽

Bruce R. Cooper ◽

Guihong Qi ◽

Aruna B. Wijeratne ◽

Amber L. Mosley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Ocular Disease ◽

Protein Abundance ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Drosophila Eye ◽

Folate Biosynthesis ◽

Chronic Activation ◽

Transcriptomic Changes

Aging is associated with increased risk of ocular disease, suggesting that age-associated molecular changes in the eye increase its vulnerability to damage. Although there are common pathways involved in aging at an organismal level, different tissues and cell types exhibit specific changes in gene expression with advanced age. Drosophila melanogaster is an established model system for studying aging and neurodegenerative disease, that also provides a valuable model for studying age-associated ocular disease. Flies, like humans, exhibit decreased visual function and increased risk of retinal degeneration with age. Here, we profiled the aging proteome and metabolome of the Drosophila eye, and compared these data with age-associated transcriptomic changes from both eyes and photoreceptors to identify alterations in pathways that could lead to age-related phenotypes in the eye. Notably, the proteomic and metabolomic changes observed in the aging eye are distinct from those observed in the head or whole fly, suggesting that tissue-specific changes in protein abundance and metabolism occur in the aging fly. Our integration of the proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic data reveals that changes in metabolism, potentially due to decreases in availability of B vitamins, together with chronic activation of the immune response, may underpin many of the events observed in the aging Drosophila eye. We propose that targeting these pathways in the genetically tractable Drosophila system may help to identify potential neuroprotective approaches for neurodegenerative and age-related ocular diseases.

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Cell types and clonal relations in the mouse brain revealed by single-cell and spatial transcriptomics

10.1101/2021.08.31.458418 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Ratz ◽

Leonie von Berlin ◽

Ludvig Larsson ◽

Marcel Martin ◽

Jakub Orzechowski Westholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

High Throughput ◽

Thin Sheet ◽

Cell Types ◽

Mammalian Brain ◽

Fate Mapping ◽

Cell Phenotypes

SummaryThe mammalian brain contains a large number of specialized cells that develop from a thin sheet of neuroepithelial progenitor cells1,2. Recently, high throughput single-cell technologies have been used to define the molecular diversity of hundreds of cell types in the nervous system3,4. However, the lineage relationships between mature brain cells and progenitor cells are not well understood, because transcriptomic studies do not allow insights into clonal relationships and classical fate-mapping techniques are not scalable5,6. Here we show in vivo barcoding of early progenitor cells that enables simultaneous profiling of cell phenotypes and clonal relations in the mouse brain using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. We reconstructed thousands of clones to uncover the existence of fate-restricted progenitor cells in the mouse hippocampal neuroepithelium and show that microglia are derived from few primitive myeloid precursors that massively expand to generate widely dispersed progeny. By coupling spatial transcriptomics with clonal barcoding, we disentangle migration patterns of clonally related cells in densely labelled tissue sections. Compared to classical fate mapping, our approach enables high-throughput dense reconstruction of cell phenotypes and clonal relations at the single-cell and tissue level in individual animals and provides an integrated approach for understanding tissue architecture.

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Compartments and organising boundaries in the Drosophila eye: the role of the homeodomain Iroquois proteins

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.126.22.4933 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 126 (22) ◽

pp. 4933-4942 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. Cavodeassi ◽

R. Diez Del Corral ◽

S. Campuzano ◽

M. Dominguez

Keyword(s):

Imaginal Discs ◽

Limb Bud ◽

Vertebrate Limb ◽

Drosophila Eye ◽

Selector Genes ◽

Fundamental Units

The Drosophila eye is patterned by a dorsal-ventral organising centre mechanistically similar to those in the fly wing and the vertebrate limb bud. Here we show how this organising centre in the eye is initiated - the first event in retinal patterning. Early in development the eye primordium is divided into dorsal and ventral compartments. The dorsally expressed homeodomain Iroquois genes are true selector genes for the dorsal compartment; their expression is regulated by Hedgehog and Wingless. The organising centre is then induced at the interface between the Iroquois-expressing and non-expressing cells at the eye midline. It was previously thought that the eye develops by a mechanism distinct from that operating in other imaginal discs, but our work establishes the importance of lineage compartments in the eye and thus supports their global role as fundamental units of patterning.

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Cell determination strategies in the Drosophila eye

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.2.261 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Freeman

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Short Range ◽

Egf Receptor ◽

Recent Observation ◽

Cell Types ◽

Small Distance ◽

Pigment Cells ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Drosophila Eye ◽

Low Levels

Cells in the Drosophila eye are determined by inductive signalling. Here I describe a new model of eye development that explains how simple intercellular signals could specify the diverse cell types that constitute the ommatidium. This model arises from the recent observation that the Drosophila homologue of the EGF receptor (DER) is used reiteratively to trigger the differentiation of each of the cell types--successive rounds of DER activation recruit first the photoreceptors, then cone and finally pigment cells. It seems that a cell's identity is not determined by the specific signal that induces it, but is instead a function of the state of the cell when it receives the signal. DER signalling is activated by the ligand, Spitz, and inhibited by the secreted protein, Argos. Spitz is initially produced by the central cells in the ommatidium and diffuses over a small distance. Argos has a longer range, allowing it to block more distal cells from being activated by low levels of Spitz; I have termed this interplay between a short-range activator and a long-range inhibitor ‘remote inhibition’. Since inductive signalling is common in many organisms and its components have been conserved, it is possible that the logic of signalling may also be conserved.

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