scholarly journals BMP signalling is required for extra-embryonic ectoderm development during pre-to-post-implantation transition of the mouse embryo

2021 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Berna Sozen ◽  
Necdet Demir ◽  
Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm Development ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

Localization of trophoblast-defined surface antigens during early mouse embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
R. F. Searle ◽  
E. J. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Component Cell ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone

The binding pattern of a rabbit antiserum raised against mouse ectoplacental-cone trophoblast on component cell populations in the pre-implantation and early post-implantation mouse embryo has been examined at the electron-microscope level using an immunoperoxidase-labelling technique. Binding was not detectable on the 1-cell stage, appeared at low levels at the 8-cell stage ana was heavy on the trophectoderm and its trophoblast giant cell and extra-embryonic ectoderm descendants in the post-implantation embryo. In contrast, immunosurgically isolated 3½-day inner cell masses (ICM) showed only slight labelling, whilst ICM derivatives in the 7½-day embryo were unlabelled. The results indicate that the antiserum may be identifying a trophoblast-specific surface determinant(s), which appears with the differentiation of the trophectoderm and is maintained on some of the cell populations derived from this tissue at least until the early postimplantation stages.

Localization and synthesis of alphafoetoprotein in post-implantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-313
Author(s):  
M. Dziadek ◽  
E. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Radioactive Labelling ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Embryonic Region

The localization and synthesis of alphafoetoprotein (AFP) during mouse embryogenesis were studied by immunoperoxidase and by immunoprecipitation after radioactive labelling, using an antiserum prepared against AFP. AFP is first detectable in embryos on the 7th day of gestation (7th day embryos). In 7th and 8th day embryos AFP is confined to visceral (proximal) endoderm cells around the embryonic region of the egg cylinder. Visceral extra-embryonic and parietal (distal) endoderm cells do not contain AFP. By the 9th day of gestation AFP is also present in the extra-embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm and embryonic ectoderm cells around the three cavities of the embryo. These tissues do not synthesize AFP when cultured in isolation, but can adsorb AFP when it is added to the medium. On the 12th day of gestation AFP synthesis is confined to the endoderm layer of the visceral yolk sac. It is concluded that the ability to synthesize AFP is a property which is restricted to the visceral endoderm during early post-implantation development. The presence of AFP in other tissues of the embryo appears to be due to adsorption.

Interferon synthesis in the early post-implantation mouse embryo

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P. Barlow ◽  
Beverley J. Randle ◽  
Derek C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Post Implantation

scholarly journals EED orchestration of heart maturation through interaction with HDACs is H3K27me3-independent

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Ai ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Fei Gu ◽  
Xianhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Histone Mark ◽  
Gene Repression ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm Development ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

In proliferating cells, where most Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) studies have been performed, gene repression is associated with PRC2 trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3). However, it is uncertain whether PRC2 writing of H3K27me3 is mechanistically required for gene silencing. Here, we studied PRC2 function in postnatal mouse cardiomyocytes, where the paucity of cell division obviates bulk H3K27me3 rewriting after each cell cycle. EED (embryonic ectoderm development) inactivation in the postnatal heart (EedCKO) caused lethal dilated cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, gene upregulation in EedCKO was not coupled with loss of H3K27me3. Rather, the activating histone mark H3K27ac increased. EED interacted with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and enhanced their catalytic activity. HDAC overexpression normalized EedCKO heart function and expression of derepressed genes. Our results uncovered a non-canonical, H3K27me3-independent EED repressive mechanism that is essential for normal heart function. Our results further illustrate that organ dysfunction due to epigenetic dysregulation can be corrected by epigenetic rewiring.

Inhibition of trophoblast stem cell potential in chorionic ectoderm coincides with occlusion of the ectoplacental cavity in the mouse

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (16) ◽  
pp. 3913-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Uy ◽  
Karen M. Downs ◽  
Richard L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Potential ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

At the blastocyst stage of pre-implantation mouse development, close contact of polar trophectoderm with the inner cell mass (ICM) promotes proliferation of undifferentiated diploid trophoblast. However, ICM/polar trophectoderm intimacy is not maintained during post-implantation development, raising the question of how growth of undifferentiated trophoblast is controlled during this time. The search for the cellular basis of trophoblast proliferation in post-implantation development was addressed with an in vitro spatial and temporal analysis of fibroblast growth factor 4-dependent trophoblast stem cell potential. Two post-implantation derivatives of the polar trophectoderm – early-streak extra-embryonic ectoderm and late-streak chorionic ectoderm – were microdissected into fractions along their proximodistal axis and thoroughly dissociated for trophoblast stem cell culture. Results indicated that cells with trophoblast stem cell potential were distributed throughout the extra-embryonic/chorionic ectoderm, an observation that is probably attributable to non-coherent growth patterns exhibited by single extra-embryonic ectoderm cells at the onset of gastrulation. Furthermore, the frequency of cells with trophoblast stem cell potential increased steadily in extra-embryonic/chorionic ectoderm until the first somite pairs formed, decreasing thereafter in a manner independent of proximity to the allantois. Coincident with occlusion of the ectoplacental cavity via union between chorionic ectoderm and the ectoplacental cone, a decline in the frequency of mitotic chorionic ectoderm cells in vivo, and of trophoblast stem cell potential in vitro, was observed. These findings suggest that the ectoplacental cavity may participate in maintaining proliferation throughout the developing chorionic ectoderm and, thus, in supporting its stem cell potential. Together with previous observations, we discuss the possibility that fluid-filled cavities may play a general role in the development of tissues that border them.

Differential mitosis and degeneration patterns in relation to the alterations in the shape of the embryonic ectoderm of early post-implantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
R. E. Poelmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Kinetics ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

The shape of the embryonic ectoderm of early post-implantation mouse embryos changes greatly in the period of 6·2–7·3 days post coitum. The subcellular morphology of the embryonic ectoderm remains unchanged, except in the primitive-streak region. Cell kinetics differ between ectodermal regions. These differences may be related to the changes in the shape of the ectoderm. The increase in cell number in the lateral ectoderm (the prospective surface ectoderm) exceeds that in the frontal ectoderm (the future neurectoderm). This is not due to differences in the duration of the cell cycle. It can be explained, however, by the occurrence of different relative numbers of dividing and non-dividing cells. These numbers vary between the two regions. The percentage of non-dividing cells in the frontal ectoderm may reach 45, whereas in the lateral ectoderm this percentage is not higher than 15. Autoradiography in tritiated thymidine-treated embryos combined with the mitotic indices gave us all of the parameters necessary to present a model capable of clarifying the growth of the ectoderm during gastrulation, as well as the changes in the shape of the ectoderm.

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