Integrating animal development: How hormones and metabolism regulate developmental transitions and brain formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia C. Oliveira ◽  
Ana R. Rebelo ◽  
Catarina C.F. Homem
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Animal Development

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

scholarly journals Living in dual liminal states: Navigating the loss of my father and my clinical career during a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Jennifer Currin-McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Conflicts ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.

scholarly journals Recovery of Unicellular Cyanobacteria from Nitrogen Chlorosis: A Model for Resuscitation of Dormant Bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Niels Neumann ◽  
Sofia Doello ◽  
Karl Forchhammer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Output System ◽  
Basic Input

Nitrogen starvation induces developmental transitions in cyanobacteria. Whereas complex multicellular cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales can differentiate specialized cells that perform nitrogen fixation in the presence of oxygenic photosynthesis, non-diazotrophic unicellular strains, such as <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> or <i>Synechocystis</i> PCC 6803, undergo a transition into a dormant non-growing state. Due to loss of pigments during this acclimation, the process is termed chlorosis. Cells maintain viability in this state for prolonged periods of time, until they encounter a useable nitrogen source, which triggers a highly coordinated awakening process, termed resuscitation. The minimal set of cellular activity that maintains the viability of cells during chlorosis and ensures efficient resuscitation represents the organism’s equivalent of the BIOS, the basic input/output system of a computer, that helps “booting” the operation system after switching on. This review summarizes the recent research in the resuscitation of cyanobacteria, representing a powerful model for the awakening of dormant bacteria.

Substance Use and Peers During Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Jennifer Maggs ◽  
Julie Maslowsky
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Wide Range

This chapter summarizes recent literature concerning the connection between peers and substance use (i.e., alcohol use, cigarette use, and illicit drug use) during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. The broad category of peers consists of a wide range of social relationships including best friends, peer groups, and crowds; important aspects include peer activities, relationships, and influence. Young people both select their friends (e.g., based on shared interests) and are influenced, or socialized, by their selected peers. When examining the dynamic periods of life that cover the transitions into, through, and out of adolescence and into the post-high school years, selection and socialization are especially important, given that many transitions involve changes in social contexts and peer relationships. The authors take a developmental perspective by focusing on the developmental transitions that occur during adolescence and the transition to adulthood and how they influence peer relations and substance use.

Small non-coding RNAs in animal development

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stefani ◽  
Frank J. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Animal Development ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing: Predicting youth depression

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Rudolph ◽  
Wendy Troop-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Maturation ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Contextual Risks

AbstractThis research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (M age = 12.41 years, SD = 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.

scholarly journals Inflammation as an Animal Development Phenomenon

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Campos Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Scientific Questions

Inflammation is a term that has been used throughout history in different contexts; it may represent a simple collection of clinical symptoms for which drugs are developed, a disease mechanism, or even a defense mechanism against microbes validating Pasteur's studies on bacteriology and Darwin's proposed struggle for survival. Thus, an explanation of this term must also consider the scientific questions addressed. In this study, I propose that several of the inflammatory events typically described in immunological, pathological, and pharmacological contexts can also be perceived as mechanisms of animal development. Thus, by recognizing that the generation of an animal form, its conservation, and its regeneration after tissue damage are phenomena of the same nature, inflammation can be addressed through the approach of developmental biology, thereby acquiring a much neglected physiological counterpart.

Regulation of developmental transitions

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Chuck ◽  
Sarah Hake
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Transitions
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