ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОТИВАЦІЇ, СТИЛІВ КОНФЛІКТНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ТА ЦІННІСНОЇ СФЕРИ В ПІДЛІТКІВ ТА ЇХ БАТЬКІВ

Мета: аналіз психологічних особливостей мотивації, стилів конфліктної поведінки та ціннісної сфери в підлітків та їх батьків. Методи дослідження: теоретичні (аналіз, порівняння, узагальнення, інтерпретація теоретичних підходів та емпіричних досліджень); емпіричні (тестування); методи математичної статистики (для виявлення відмінностей психологічних особливостей мотивації, стилів конфліктної поведінки та ціннісної сфери в підлітків та їх батьків було використано t-критерій Ст’юдента). Результати: визначено, що провідні мотиви, особливості поведінки в конфліктних ситуаціях та цінності в підлітків і їх батьків істотно відрізняються між собою. Висновки: встановлено, що підліткам характерна висока виразність таких змінних як «Мотивація повного прийняття партнера в поведінці», «Мотивація конфліктом між владою й афіліацією». Серед термінальних цінностей найбільш значущими є: друзі, розваги, любов і свобода. Найменш вираженими є: щастя інших, пізнання та цікава робота. Високий рівень сформованості інструментальних цінностей виражений такими змінними як сміливість, незалежність та почуття гумору. Найменш виявленими є освіченість, раціоналізм та правдивість. Натомість у групі батьків ми бачимо високий рівень сформованості такої змінної як «Мотивація страхом слабкості (владні відносини)». Мотивованість поведінки культурними нормами як у підлітків, так і в їх батьків виражена на низькому рівні сформованості. Серед термінальних цінностей найбільш значущими є: сім’я, здоров’я та матеріальна забезпеченість, а найменшу цінність для них представляють щастя інших, творчість та розваги. У батьків високий рівень сформованості виявлено за такими змінними інструментальних цінностей як самоконтроль, терпимість і дисциплінованість. Визначено специфіку особливостей стилів конфліктної поведінки: батьки намагаються зберегти свій авторитет, що відбивається на їх оцінці батьківсько-підліткових розбіжностей, а також створення батьками ситуації постійного психологічного тиску й нездатність сім’ї задовольняти потреби емоційної підтримки та симпатії підлітків. Література Анопрієнко, О.В. (2017). Стиль батьківської поведінки як чинник виникнення і подолання хронічного стресу в підлітковому віці. (Дис. канд. психол. наук). Київ. Гончар, Л.В. (2017). Формування гуманних взаємин батьків з дітьми молодшого шкільного і підліткового віку. (Монографія). Київ : ТОВ «Задруга». Дубров, Д.И. (2020). Информационно-коммуникационные технологии и семейные отношения: вред или польза? Социальная психология и общество, 11(1), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110105 Крейдун, Н.П., & Сорока, А.В. (2015). Прикладна психологія: навчальний посібник. Харків : Харківський національний університет імені В.Н. Каразіна. Пріба, Г.А., & Калюжна, Є.М. (2020). Психологія особистості на сучасному ринку праці. (Монографія). Херсон : ОЛДІ-ПЛЮС. Солдатова, Г.У., & Львова, Е.Н. (2018). Особенности родительской медиации в ситуациях столкновения подростков с онлайн-рисками. Психологическая наука и образование, 23(3), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2018230303 Сорока, А.В. (2010) Юридическая психология: Краткий курс: Учебно-методическое пособие. Харьков : Харьковский национальный университет имени В.Н. Каразина. Токарева, Н.М. (2014). Сучасний підліток у системі психолого-педагогічного супроводу. (Монографія). Кривий Ріг. Abar, C.C., Farnett, S., Mendola, K., Koban, K., & Sarra, Sh. (2018). Relationships between parent-child social media interactions and health behaviors. Journal of Substance Use, 23(3), 335–337. Karmakar, R. (2017). The impact of perception of consistency and inconsistency in parenting style on pro-social motives of adolescents. Социальная психология и общество, Social Psychology and Society, 8(2), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2017080207

Group Size and Protest Mobilization across Movements and Countermovements

Many social movements face fierce resistance in the form of a countermovement. Therefore, when deciding to become politically active, a movement supporter has to consider both her own movement’s activity and that of the opponent. This paper studies the decision of a movement supporter to attend a protest when faced with a counterprotest. We implement two field experiments among supporters of a right- and left-leaning movement ahead of two protest–counterprotest interactions in Germany. Supporters were exposed to low or high official estimates about their own and the opposing group’s turnout. We find that the size of the opposing group has no effect on supporters’ protest intentions. However, as the own protest gets larger, supporters of the right-leaning movement become less while supporters of the left-leaning movement become more willing to protest. We argue that the difference is best explained by stronger social motives on the political left.

THE SUDDEN SHIFT IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN PALESTINIAN UNIVERSITIES: TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION

This study aimed to identify the types of technical support provided by Palestinian universities to teachers in distance education in the light of the Covid-19 crisis. It examined the possibilities of developing technical support and qualifying teachers that can be provided by the information and communication technology center in there in order to improve the quality of distance education from the teachers' point of view. The researchers used the interview as a tool for the study, and the results obtained were analyzed using the grounded theory in qualitative research. The results showed that the support provided to them was the result of psychological, professional and social motives that affected the phenomenon, and the researchers recommended the need to train teachers on the use of distance education, and the demand for it and the use of applications in education, and the study also recommended that teachers improve their attitudes towards distance education‎.

Social Support as a Stress Buffer or Stress Amplifier: The Moderating Role of Social Motives

Trials guidance: The Abstract should not exceed 350 words. Please minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract must include the following separate sections:• Background: the context and purpose of the study• Methods: how the study will be performed• Discussion: a brief summary and potential implicationsBackground. Social Support research shows that providing social support in socio-evaluative stress situations reduces participants´ stress responses. This stress-buffer effect of social support, however, does not hold for everybody and some studies even found a stress-amplifying effect of social support. Motive disposition research suggests that social motives (affiliation and power) lead to differential and sometimes even opposing affective, and physiological responses to interpersonal interaction processes. We here integrate both lines of research and hypothesize that participants with strong affiliation motives benefit whereas participants with strong power motives do not benefit from social support in terms of psychobiological responses to a given stressor. Further, participants with strong affiliation and power motives are expected to respond to social support with an arousal of motive-specific affects and reproductive hormone responses (affiliation: progesterone, power: estradiol, testosterone). In addition, we test whether women and men differ in the response to social support and in strengths of social motives. Methods. We aim to collect data of 308 participants (equal number of men and women) recruited at the local university of the authors. Participants´ social motives are assessed using a standardized measure in motive research (Picture Story Exercise) administered via a web-survey. In a following laboratory session, the Trier Social Stress designed for groups is used to experimentally induce psychosocial stress. One group of participants receives social support from a confederate of the experimenter whereas the control group does not. Stress responses will be assessed by a modified version of the state anxiety scale of the State – Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1970) and by physiological indicators of stress (cortisol, alpha-amylase gained from saliva samples) at seven points of measurement. Reproductive hormones will be analyzed from four out of these seven saliva samples. Heart rate and heart rate variability will be assessed continuously. We additionally measure participants´ performance in the interview (part of TSST) using a self-developed categorization system.Discussion. Our theory-driven integration of social motives in social support research, and the precise analysis of sex differences might disentangle inconsistent findings in TSST- research. The more faceted view on individual differences has direct implications for applied contexts as it provides a framework for tailored conceptualizations of social support programs.Trial registration: OSF- Preregistration: Registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/984RWCitation: Schüler, J., Ditzen, B., & Haufler, A. (2021, July 5). Social support as a stress buffer or stress amplifier: The moderating role of social motives. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/984RW

Cultural variation in the relationship between social motives, drinking, and alcohol-related problems

College students consume alcohol based on different motivations, and past research indicates that these drinking motives can differentially predict alcohol-related consequences. However, little is known about how drinking motives and consequences operate in Latinx individuals and other ethnic minority groups. The present study examined social drinking motives and their links to drinking consequences and problematic drinking in a college sample. Participants were 106 Latinx, Asian/Asian American, and European American undergraduates. Social motives were positively and significantly linked to drinking outcomes, but these main effects were qualified by an interaction between social motives and ethnicity on drinking outcomes, such that greater social motives was significantly linked to problematic drinking and drinking consequences for European Americans, but not for Latinx or Asian/Asian American participants. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.

Norms, Enforcement, and Tax Evasion

This paper studies individual and social motives in tax evasion. We build a simple dynamic model that incorporates these motives and their interaction. The social motives underpin the role of norms and is the source of the dynamics that we study. Our empirical analysis exploits the adoption in 1990 of a poll tax to fund local government in the UK, which led to widespread evasion. The evidence is consistent with the model's main predictions on the dynamics of evasion.

Alternatives to Punishment: The power to annul an economic exchange promotes self- rather than other-regarding preferences in fairness and trust games

Fairness and trust appraisals that engender economic exchange rely on thoughts about another person’s mind to satisfy self- (profit maximising) and other-regarding (social motives) preferences. Punishment should promote fairness and trust within economic exchange, guarding against free-riding and trust violations, but depends on other-regarding preferences concerned with the violator. Here, we explore an alternative to punishment that may instead promote self-regarding preferences—the opportunity for the decision-maker to annul (veto) the economic transaction. We test this veto approach by having participants assume the role of investor(s) in modified versions of the public goods (Studies one and three) and trust games (Studies two and four). Across four studies both online and in laboratory with two economic games, investor(s) could veto a transaction—annul a previous exchange—if the return from the other player(s) was deemed unsatisfactory. We find that this manipulation increased investment by the investor(s), consistent with games where second-party punishment is possible. Moreover, self-regarding preferences predicted veto behaviour, while other-regarding preferences predicted punishment behaviour. We argue that this veto approach can be an alternative to punishment that can safe-guard fairness and trust during economic exchange.

Seek What You Need

In Motive Disposition Theory, the affiliation motive describes our need to form mutually satisfying bonds, whereas the power motive is the wish to influence others. To understand how these social motives shape play experience, we explore their relationship to Self-Determination Theory and Flow Theory in League of Legends. We find that: higher intimacy motivation is associated with greater relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction, enjoyment, and the flow dimension of absorption; higher prosocial motivation with more effort invested and the flow dimension fluency of performance; and higher dominance motivation with lower relatedness satisfaction but higher competence satisfaction and increased flow in both dimensions. We demonstrate that in addition to being driven to satisfy universal needs, players also possess individualized needs that explain our underlying motives and ultimately shape our gaming preferences and experiences. Our results suggest that people do not merely gravitate towards need-supportive situations, but actively seek, change, and create situations based on their individualized motives.