Frequency of physician counseling and attitudes toward driving motor vehicles in people with epilepsy: Comparing a mandatory-reporting with a voluntary-reporting state

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Drazkowski ◽  
Eli S. Neiman ◽  
Joseph I. Sirven ◽  
Gary N. McAbee ◽  
Katherine H. Noe
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Fausti ◽  
Matthew A. Diersen ◽  
Bashir A. Qasmi

Legislative authorization for the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999 was renewed in October of 2006. One of the cited justifications for implementing mandatory reporting was that the voluntary reporting system for the slaughter cattle cash market was unable to provide accurate and timely market information. We extend the spatial market analysis literature by developing a methodology for detecting distortions in spatial relationships across related price series. Using spatially linked regional markets, we compare state-level mandatory price-reporting data to the U.S. Department of Agriculture voluntarily reported state data to determine if the spatial relationship between price-reporting mechanisms was disrupted by market distortions prior to implementation of federal mandatory price reporting. We found no empirical evidence of system failure; therefore, we conclude that market thinning or noncompetitive behavior had not reached the level necessary to disrupt the ability of the voluntary price-reporting system to provide timely and accurate price information.


Author(s):  
KS Aminian ◽  
A Ogunyemi ◽  
J Coombs

Background: Regulation of drivers licences aims to strike a balance between autonomy and public safety. In Newfoundland and Labrador, an individual experiencing seizures must have a 6-month seizure-free interval before a driving licence is reinstated, although exceptions apply. There is a paucity of data surrounding driving safety in people with epilepsy. Methods: The Department of Motor Vehicles and Registration extracted data from the charts of drivers experiencing seizures for the period between 2010-2014, inclusive. Two groups were examined: drivers aged 16-24 (n=104) and 75+ (n=115). Given that mandatory reporting is required in Newfoundland and Labrador, this theoretically represents a population-based study. Results: Overall, 5.1% of the population experienced a motor vehicle collision, and collisions were more frequent among younger drivers. Significantly more people in the 75+ category had a medical history that could have contributed to seizures. Only 37.6% of the overall sample had their first seizure reported. This was not different between age groups or seizure types (generalized vs. focal). Though the age groups differed with respect to seizure type, this did not affect driving safety, as measured by motor vehicle collisions and driving disobedience. Conclusions: We found a high rate of driving disobedience despite the requirement for mandatory reporting and seizure type did not affect driving safety.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertina Paula Monteiro ◽  
Cláudia Pereira ◽  
Francisco Manuel Barbosa

Purpose This study aims to construct two environmental disclosure indices (EDI), one obtained from the mandatory reporting (annual report) and the other from the voluntary reporting (sustainability report), to compare their evolution. In addition, the authors developed and evaluated a conceptual model that aims to analyse if the two EDI are affected by industry, environmental certification, lucratively and corporate governance attributes. The legitimacy, signalling and voluntary disclosure theories are used to support the theoretical relationship between the company’s characteristics, corporate governance and environmental disclosure. Design/methodology/approach Using the content analysis technique, the authors have developed two indices to assess the level of environmental disclosure in the companies’ mandatory and voluntary reporting. In addition, to analyse the determinants of EDI, the authors applied the technique of multiple linear regression using panel data. Findings Based on Portuguese listed companies (Euronext-Lisbon), the results, from 2015 to 2017, exhibited an increase of 14.6% and 25.8% for the EDI obtained from the annual reports and for EDI obtained from the sustainability reporting, respectively. In addition, the results revealed that the environmental certification, lucratively, number of members on board and number and proportion of women of the board directors tend to affect the annual reporting EDI. Regarding the sustainability reporting EDI, the results showed that the environmental certification, lucratively and proportion of independent members of the board of directors have an impact on it. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on quantitative rather than qualitative disclosures and it brings some insights to the theoretical field. Practical implications The results obtained can assist corporate decision-making processes regarding the improvement of environmental disclosure, both on the mandatory annual report and on voluntary sustainability reports. Originality/value This study brings new perspectives to this topical issue in accounting. Originally, this study is applied to Portuguese listed companies and it shows different trends and determinants of environmental disclosure when included in the annual reporting or sustainability reporting.


Author(s):  
Athanassios Vozikis

For years, experts have recognized that medical errors exist and compromise healthcare quality. Much has been written worldwide about medical errors and improvements in their reporting and handling, with the proposals ranging from the implementation of nationwide mandatory reporting with public release of performance data to voluntary reporting and quality-assurance efforts that protect the confidentiality of error-related data. In the present chapter, the author first points out the lack of standardized nomenclature and a universal taxonomy-classification for adverse events and medical errors, which complicates the development of a response to these issues. The chapter also reviews a number of methods of and adverse events’ and medical errors’ knowledge management, each of which has evolved over time and been adapted to different contexts. Finally, the author assesses each of these methods, unveiling their particular strengths and advantages, and also weaknesses and limitations.


Author(s):  
Colleen Theron

This chapter explores how business is implicated by modern slavery, and the salient requirements of the UK Modern Slavery Act (MSA) transparency in supply chain provision, in the context of growing mandatory reporting requirements for business to report transparently on their supply chain impacts. It also examines how business has responded to the MSA. It concludes with some practical steps that business can take to address the risk of modern slavery in its supply chains. Among these are ensuring that top management is supportive of tackling modern slavery in the organisation and supply chains; understanding how these obligations fit within any wider mandatory or voluntary reporting undertaken by the business; putting policies in place; establishing robust due-diligence processes; mapping the supply and value chain of the business.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρίνα Ρήγα

Σε μια εποχή που η χώρα μας, λόγω της οικονομικής ύφεσης που βιώνει, καλείται σε προσπάθεια δημοσιονομικού εξορθολογισμού και συγκράτησης των δαπανών υγείας, έχουν αναδειχθεί με μεγαλύτερη ένταση, οι ανεπάρκειες και παραλείψεις του ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας, που ήδη χρόνιζαν. Από τη διενεργηθείσα έρευνα σε 680 υποθέσεις ιατρικής αμέλειας, διαπιστώθηκε ότι και στην Ελλάδα, τα ιατρικά σφάλματα όπως δείχνει και η εμπειρία από πολλές χώρες του εξωτερικού, είναι υπαρκτά και αποτελούν πράγματι ένα σοβαρό ζήτημα για την ποιότητα των παρεχομένων υπηρεσιών υγείας και την ασφάλεια των ασθενών, με σημαντικές κοινωνικές και οικονομικές διαστάσεις. Ο μέσος όρος ηλικίας των ασθενών που βίωσαν κάποια αρνητική εμπειρία κατά την επαφή τους με το ελληνικό σύστημα υγείας, ήταν τα 31 έτη ενώ η μέση παρατεταμένη διάρκεια νοσηλείας τους έφτανε τις 83 ημέρες. Το 38,8% των ασθενών που υπέστησαν ιατρικό σφάλμα κατέληξε και στο 32,2% προκλήθηκε μόνιμη αναπηρία. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης ότι το μέγεθος της βαρύτητας ενός ιατρικού σφάλματος, επηρεάζεται σημαντικά από τον τύπο της μονάδας υγείας που εμφανίζεται, το στάδιο που προκαλείται το ιατρικό σφάλμα, το εάν επρόκειτο για χειρουργικό ή παθολογικό περιστατικό, την ειδικότητα που εμπλέκεται, το ICD-10, κ.ά. Τα ιατρικά σφάλματα πέρα του ότι μπορούν να απειλήσουν σοβαρά την ασφάλεια του ασθενούς, επιφέρουν και σημαντική οικονομική επιβάρυνση στο σύστημα υγείας, λόγω κυρίως της χρήσης επιπρόσθετων υπηρεσιών υγείας, της παρατεταμένης νοσηλείας σε εξειδικευμένα ή μη τμήματα του νοσοκομείου, των συνεχών επισκέψεων σε ιδιώτες ιατρούς και σε εξωτερικά ιατρεία του νοσοκομείου και της επιπρόσθετης συνταγογράφησης φαρμάκων, ενώ είναι επίσης γεγονός ότι το κόστος αυτό (εμφανές και αφανές) μετακυλίεται στο σύνολο της κοινωνίας. Παράλληλα, η έρευνα έδειξε ότι στις μισές υποθέσεις, οι ασθενείς/συγγενείς αιτούνταν χρηματικές αποζημιώσεις ύψους €600.000 και οι χρηματικές ικανοποιήσεις που επιδίκασαν τελικά τα ελληνικά διοικητικά και πολιτικά δικαστήρια, ήταν κατά μέσο όρο €300.692. Το ύψος της επιδικασθείσας αποζημίωσης βρέθηκε ότι επηρεάζεται σημαντικά από το μέγεθος της βαρύτητας του ιατρικού σφάλματος, από τον τύπο της μονάδας υγείας που εμφανίστηκε το ιατρικό σφάλμα, κ.ά. Αντιλαμβανόμενοι την ανάγκη για απόκτηση της γνώσης, γύρω από τα περιστατικά σωματικής βλάβης που είναι ικανά να απειλήσουν σοβαρά την ασφάλεια του ασθενούς και μπορούν όμως να προληφθούν και την προσπάθεια των ιθυνόντων για συγκράτηση των δαπανών υγείας, αναπτύξαμε και εφαρμόσαμε πιλοτικά το MERIS, ένα ολοκληρωμένο σύστημα ανίχνευσης, καταγραφής και ανάλυσης των ιατρικών σφαλμάτων και ανεπιθύμητων περιστατικών. Το MERIS «φιλοξενεί» το υποχρεωτικό υποσύστημα αναφοράς (Mandatory Reporting Module) που προσβλέπει στη συνεχή επιτήρηση των περιστατικών σωματικής βλάβης που συμβαίνουν σε περιβάλλον ΜΕΘ και το υποσύστημα αυτόβουλης (οικειοθελούς) αναφοράς (Voluntary Reporting Module) που απευθύνεται στους ίδιους τους πολίτες, με σκοπό την καταγραφή ιατρικών σφαλμάτων και ανεπιθύμητων περιστατικών που έχουν υποστεί οι ίδιοι ή ο κοινωνικός τους περίγυρος.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bair ◽  
Steven M. Bellovin ◽  
Andrew Manley ◽  
Blake Reid ◽  
Adam Shostack

The proliferation of connected devices and technology provides consumers immeasurable amounts of convenience, but also creates great vulnerability. In recent years, we have seen explosive growth in the number of damaging cyber-attacks. 2017 alone has seen the Wanna Cry, Petya, Not Petya, Bad Rabbit, and of course the historic Equifax breach, among many others. Currently, there is no mechanism in place to facilitate understanding of these threats, or their commonalities. While information regarding the causes of major breaches may become public after the fact, what is lacking is an aggregated data set, which could be analyzed for research purposes. This research could then provide clues as to trends in both attacks and avoidable mistakes made on the part of operators, among other valuable data.One possible regime for gathering such information would be to require disclosure of events, as well as investigations into these events. Mandatory reporting and investigations would result better data collection. This regime would also cause firms to internalize, at least to some extent, the externalities of security. However, mandatory reporting faces challenges that would make this regime difficult to implement, and possibly more costly than beneficial. An alternative is a voluntary reporting scheme, modeled on the Aviation Safety Reporting System housed within NASA, and possibly combined with an incentive scheme. Under it, organizations that were the victims of hacks or “near misses” would report the incident, providing important details, to some neutral party. This database could then be used both by researchers and by industry as a whole. People could learn what does work, what does not work, and where the weak spots are.


Author(s):  
Vahé A. Kazandjian

Reporting safety of care data is now a global imperative. Performance improvement strategies, however, often reflect the requirements of the ambient healthcare system, especially with regard to the voluntary or mandatory reporting of data. The quality and completeness of the data are affected by the nature of the reporting requirement and will consequently determine the robustness of the strategies to improve safety of care. The measurement of the complete/true magnitude of events may be important for the appropriateness of safety improvement strategies and initiatives. The goal of this article is to identify the key characteristics of voluntary and mandatory safety of care data reporting systems, and their implications for performance improvement from an epidemiological, clinical and administrative points of view.


Author(s):  
Richard S. McLachlan ◽  
Michael W. Jones

ABSTRACT:Background:A seizure is the most common cause of loss of driving privileges for medical reasons but there is variability in how physicians and the authorities who regulate driving approach this issue.Methods:A questionnaire regarding epilepsy and driving was sent to all adult neurologists in Canada (n = 494).Results:Of 289 (59%) neurologists responding, 50% usually report patients with seizures to the department of motor vehicles compared to only 4% for stroke/TIA, 26% for dementia and 8% for other neurologic disorders (p < 0.0001). In the five provinces with mandatory reporting laws, seizures were reported most of the time by 84% compared to only 19% in the five provinces with discretionary reporting (p < 0.0001). Nationwide, 44% agreed with mandatory reporting but this also differed in provinces with and without mandatory reporting legislation (63% vs. 37%, p < 0.0001). Only 49% agreed with the current recommendation of at least one year seizure free interval before resuming driving.Conclusions:Seizures are disproportionately reported compared to other neurological conditions. Many neurologists disagree with the recommended Canadian standards for duration of driving restriction after seizures. Variability in the attitude and practice of neurologists in regard to reporting of seizures is confirmed.


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