Informasi Akuntansi Lingkungan: Apa yang Memotivasi Perusahaan untuk Mengungkapkan?

Over the years, there has been an increase in corporate initiatives in the area of environmental reporting practices. The study is conducted to analyze the factors that influence the disclosure of environmental accounting in companies in Indonesia. The sample in this study are 44 entities listed on the IDX from 2016-2020 which are collected by purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression which is tested with SPSS and Eviews. The results show that firm size, auditor independence and public ownership do not affect environmental disclosure. Profitability affects environmental disclosure negatively. Leverage, listing period and company reputation positively affect environmental disclosure.

The impact of Environmental Disclosure on Cleaner Production Techniques/an Exploratory Study

The study deals with the extent of the impact of environmental disclosure on cleaner production techniques, and in order to prove the hypothesis of the study, a link to the questionnaire was published on social networking sites and it was answered by 54 respondents, and then the researcher analyzed the results by relying on the SPSS statistical program, and the study found To a series of results, the most important of which is that environmental disclosure has an impact on the reliability of cleaner production, and at the end of the study a set of recommendations were developed, the most important of which is that companies disclose their environmental performance because they have a role in the reliability of cleaner production and the introduction of the issue of accounting in the curricula of universities and institutes.

Evidenciação Ambiental: uma análise dos relatórios de sustentabilidade da Usina Hidrelétrica Itaipu com base na Global Reporting Initiative – GRI ## Environmental Disclosure: an analysis of the sustainability reports of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant based on the Global Reporting Initiative – GRI

Considerando que o setor de hidrelétricas causa impactos ambientais de larga escala e que a evidenciação ambiental vem se tornando cada vez mais relevante para as organizações, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da evidenciação ambiental praticada nos relatórios de sustentabilidade da Usina Hidrelétrica Binacional Itaipu. Quanto à abordagem, este estudo fundamenta-se na pesquisa qualitativa, e quanto ao objeto, este estudo se classifica como uma pesquisa documental. Para atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa, a coleta dos dados foi proporcionada pelos relatórios de sustentabilidade da Usina Hidrelétrica Itaipu do período de 2014 a 2019, a partir da confrontação dos princípios apresentados pela Global Reporting Initiative para a elaboração do relatório com o conteúdo dos relatórios divulgados pela Itaipu. A análise dos relatórios indica que a Itaipu apresentou falhas quanto a aderência do princípio “comparabilidade”, ao omitir informação sobre os valores investidos nos projetos analisados, fazendo com que a leitura do stakeholder ficasse prejudicada, entretanto, é possível identificar que a Itaipu buscou manter-se alinhada com os demais princípios analisados. O presente estudo contribuiu por buscar preencher a lacuna sobre a análise de evidenciação ambiental de uma organização de relevância social como a Itaipu Binacional.ABSTRACTConsidering that the hydroelectric sector causes large-scale environmental impacts, and that environmental disclosure is becoming increasingly relevant for organizations, this research aimed to evaluate the quality of environmental disclosure practiced in the sustainability reports of the Binational Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant . As for the approach, this study is based on qualitative research, and as for the object, this study is classified as documentary research. To achieve the objective of this research, data collection was provided by the sustainability reports of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant from 2014 to 2019, based on the confrontation of the principles presented by the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines with the content of the reports disclosed by Itaipu. The analysis of the reports indicates that Itaipu failed to adhere to the "comparability" principle, by omitting information on the amounts invested in the projects analyzed, causing the stakeholder reading to be impaired, however, it is possible to identify that Itaipu sought to maintain aligned with the other principles analyzed. This study contributed by seeking to fill the gap on the analysis of environmental disclosure in an organization of social relevance such as Itaipu Binational.

Sustentabilidade e Governança: Evidenciação Ambiental em Empresas Prestadoras de Serviço ## Sustainability and Governance: Environmental Disclosure in Service Providers

A necessidade de se utilizar os recursos ambientais de maneira adequada e sustentável deve estar cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas, do poder público e das empresas. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as práticas e iniciativas ambientais adotadas em empresas prestadoras de serviços contábeis e de turismo da região da Serra Gaúcha, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi realizada uma survey por meio de um questionário elaborado a partir do instrumento “Indicadores Ethos para Negócios Sustentáveis e Responsáveis” (Ethos, 2016). Os resultados indicam que as empresas pesquisadas apresentam uma preocupação com as questões relacionadas ao meio ambiente, mas essa ainda não é uma unanimidade. As empresas têm preocupação com o consumo consciente de materiais, tais como papeis e descartáveis, com o consumo de energia e água e a destinação de seus resíduos, mas deixam a desejar quando se trata de ações ambientais e comunicação com a comunidade acerca deste tema. ABSTRACTThe need to use environmental resources in an adequate and sustainable manner must be increasingly present in the daily lives of people, public authorities and companies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the environmental practices and initiatives adopted by Brazilian accounting and tourism companies. To achieve this objective, a survey was carried out through a questionnaire elaborated from the "Indicators Ethos for Sustainable and Responsible Business" (Ethos, 2016). The results indicate that the companies surveyed have a concern about environmental issues, but this is not unanimous. The companies are concerned with the conscious consumption of materials, such as paper and disposable, with the consumption of energy and water and the destination of their residues, but they do not deserve when it comes to environmental actions and communication with the community about this theme.

Relação entre Desempenho Financeiro e Evidenciação Socioambiental à Luz do Modelo de Epstein e Roy ## Relation Between Financial Performance and Socio-Environmental Disclosure in the Light of the Epstein and Roy Model

Esta pesquisa buscou verificar a relação entre desempenho financeiro e o nível de evidenciação socioambiental de empresas brasileiras, entre 2007 e 2017. Analisou-se 30 empresas utilizando o modelo adaptado de Epstein e Roy (2003), que verifica as evidenciações socioambientais nas dimensões: ambiental, saúde e segurança, comunidade e empregados. Para o desempenho financeiro utilizou-se o modelo de Epstein e Roy (2001), que indica o retorno sobre investimento (ROI), o retorno sobre o capital empregado (ROCE) e o valor econômico adicionado (EVA) como indicadores financeiros de longo prazo. Por meio de análise de dados em painel, estimou-se quatro regressões que buscaram confirmar as hipóteses de que o nível de evidenciação sustentável poderia influenciar as variáveis de desempenho financeiro em período posterior; assim como se o desempenho financeiro é fator determinante para os níveis de evidenciação de sustentabilidade nos períodos seguintes. Verificou-se que o EVA não apresentou relação significativa com o nível de divulgação, não exercendo influência sobre a evidenciação da empresa. Já as variáveis ROI e ROCE apresentaram relação com o nível de divulgação socioambiental, demonstrando que quanto mais se evidencia informações sustentáveis, maiores serão as possibilidades de retorno sobre o capital empregado e sobre o capital investido. Além disso, frente ao aumento da variável ROI, as empresas demonstraram maior determinação em divulgar informações socioambientais. Desse modo, constatou-se efetividade da perspectiva de Epstein e Roy, ao observar que demonstrar sustentabilidade impulsiona maiores retornos sobre o capital investido e empregado, assim como o capital investido tende a otimizar os níveis de divulgação sustentável.

Voluntary Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Performance: A Study of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

This study examined the effect of voluntary environmental disclosure on the corporate performance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of voluntary disclosure on the current ratio and quick ratio. The study used the ex post facto research design. The population of the study was drawn from selected consumer good manufacturing firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study was based on secondary sources of data, collected from annual financial reports. The study found that voluntary disclosure is positively related to the current ratio and a quick ratio of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study recommended among others that to further fortify corporate governance practices among firms, there should be severe execution of Nigerian Stock Exchange sustainability disclosure guidelines for manufacturing firms.

Exploring the Moderating Role of Social and Ethical Practices in the Relationship between Environmental Disclosure and Financial Performance: Evidence from ESG Companies

Environmental disclosure is the latest novelty in the corporate reporting field. In fact, it is a tool that can better represent the capacity of companies in creating financial performance over time. Therefore, this paper analyzes whether environmental disclosure (ED) practiced by firms listed on the ESG index affects their financial performance (FP) using the moderating effect of social and ethical practices. The analysis includes a linear regression using panel data from Thomson Reuters and Bloomberg databases. Panel data were collected from a sample of 523 companies listed on the North American and West European stock exchanges. The obtained results show a positive and significant relationship between environmental disclosure (ED) and financial performance (FP). This implies that a strong environmental disclosure increases financial performance while a weak one decreases it. Furthermore, the study suggests a moderating effect of social and ethical practices in the link between environmental disclosure and the firm’s financial performance. In fact, these findings provide interesting insights for academic practitioners and regulators who are interested in discovering environmental disclosure, firm’s performance, and social and ethical practices. These findings also provide insights to stakeholders and regulators on the crucial need to integrate more social and environmental regulations to promote sustainability. Moreover, this paper fills the gaps existing in previous studies that ignore the moderating role of social and ethical practices in the relationship between environmental disclosure and financial performance.

Environmental disclosure practice in the Serbian banking sector

This paper aims to: a) analyse the environmental disclosure practice in the Serbian banking sector, b) determine whether the degree of disclosure is higher in the case of big, i.e. systemically important banks, and c) examine if there is a positive relationship between the banks' CSR practice and their financial performance. The environmental disclosure index (EDI) based on 15 variables was employed to measure environmental disclosure performance for the Serbian banking industry. The data were generated through content analysis of the annual and sustainability reports of a total of 10 banks, five of which were classified as systemically important banks for the period 2015-2019. The sample was determined by the availability of reports for the analysed period and the bank establishment year. The results show that the majority of Serbian banks discloses their environmental policy (74%), the undertaken environmental activities with the local community (51%), and the utilization efficiency of water, energy, and paper (48%). Although the findings indicate that the environmental disclosure practice among all banks in Serbia is growing, the reports are not standardized. In addition, the systemically important banks in Serbia do not have a better disclosure practice. The econometric analysis implies that the bank's status does not influence the level of environmental disclosure and that there is no positive relationship between financial performance (ROA and ROE) and EDI. This study has implications for policymakers and accounting bodies in Serbia in standardizing non-financial reporting and creating certain green and sustainable banking guidelines.

Environmental disclosure on mandatory and voluntary reporting of Portuguese listed firms: the role of environmental certification, lucratively and corporate governance

Purpose This study aims to construct two environmental disclosure indices (EDI), one obtained from the mandatory reporting (annual report) and the other from the voluntary reporting (sustainability report), to compare their evolution. In addition, the authors developed and evaluated a conceptual model that aims to analyse if the two EDI are affected by industry, environmental certification, lucratively and corporate governance attributes. The legitimacy, signalling and voluntary disclosure theories are used to support the theoretical relationship between the company’s characteristics, corporate governance and environmental disclosure. Design/methodology/approach Using the content analysis technique, the authors have developed two indices to assess the level of environmental disclosure in the companies’ mandatory and voluntary reporting. In addition, to analyse the determinants of EDI, the authors applied the technique of multiple linear regression using panel data. Findings Based on Portuguese listed companies (Euronext-Lisbon), the results, from 2015 to 2017, exhibited an increase of 14.6% and 25.8% for the EDI obtained from the annual reports and for EDI obtained from the sustainability reporting, respectively. In addition, the results revealed that the environmental certification, lucratively, number of members on board and number and proportion of women of the board directors tend to affect the annual reporting EDI. Regarding the sustainability reporting EDI, the results showed that the environmental certification, lucratively and proportion of independent members of the board of directors have an impact on it. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on quantitative rather than qualitative disclosures and it brings some insights to the theoretical field. Practical implications The results obtained can assist corporate decision-making processes regarding the improvement of environmental disclosure, both on the mandatory annual report and on voluntary sustainability reports. Originality/value This study brings new perspectives to this topical issue in accounting. Originally, this study is applied to Portuguese listed companies and it shows different trends and determinants of environmental disclosure when included in the annual reporting or sustainability reporting.