HIV-1 Tat and morphine decrease murine inter-male social interactions and associated oxytocin levels in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Abstract Integrating and predicting the intentions and actions of others are critical components of social interactions, but the behavioral and neural bases of such mechanisms under altered perceptual conditions are poorly understood. In the present study, we recruited expert violinists and age-matched controls with no musical training and asked them to evaluate simplified dynamic stimuli of violinists playing in a piano or forte communicative intent while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that expertise is needed to successfully understand and evaluate communicative intentions in spatially and temporally altered visual representations of musical performance. Frontoparietal regions—such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule and sulcus—and various subregions of the cerebellum—such as cerebellar lobules I-IV, V, VI, VIIb, VIIIa, X—are recruited in the process. Functional connectivity between these brain areas reveals widespread organization, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal sulcus and in the cerebellum. This network may be essential to successfully assess communicative intent in ambiguous or complex visual scenes.

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Ang II–Salt Hypertension Depends on Neuronal Activity in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus but Not on Local Actions of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02429 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Megan E. Bardgett ◽

Walter W. Holbein ◽

Myrna Herrera-Rosales ◽

Glenn M. Toney

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Neuronal Activity ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Salt Hypertension ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Through the central V2, not V1 receptors influencing the endogenous opiate peptide system, arginine vasopressin, not oxytocin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus involves in the antinociception in the rat

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.045 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1069 (1) ◽

pp. 127-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jun Yang ◽

Jian-min Chen ◽

Cao-You Song ◽

Wen-Yan Liu ◽

Gen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Endogenous Opiate ◽

Peptide System

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Orexin depolarizes rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1114 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 281 (4) ◽

pp. R1114-R1118 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Tetsuro Shirasaka ◽

Satoshi Miyahara ◽

Takato Kunitake ◽

Qing-Hua Jin ◽

Kazuo Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Brain Slices ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Patch Clamp Recording ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽

Orexin Receptors ◽

Bath Application

Orexins, also called hypocretins, are newly discovered hypothalamic peptides that are thought to be involved in various physiological functions. In spite of the fact that orexin receptors, especially orexin receptor 2, are abundant in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the effects of orexins on PVN neurons remain unknown. Using a whole cell patch-clamp recording technique, we investigated the effects of orexin-B on PVN neurons of rat brain slices. Bath application of orexin-B (0.01–1.0 μM) depolarized 80.8% of type 1 ( n = 26) and 79.2% of type 2 neurons tested ( n = 24) in the PVN in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of orexin-B persisted in the presence of TTX (1 μM), indicating that these depolarizing effects were generated postsynaptically. Addition of Cd2+(1 mM) to artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing TTX (1 μM) significantly reduced the depolarizing effect in type 2 neurons. These results suggest that orexin-B has excitatory effects on the PVN neurons mediated via a depolarization of the membrane potential.

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Effect of different types of stressors on peptide messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1280485 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 128 (6) ◽

pp. 485-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Sandra Ceccatelli ◽

Catello Orazzo

Keyword(s):

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Immobilization Stress ◽

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Different Types

Using in situ hybridization we have studied the effects of different types of stressors, such as ether, immobilization, cold and swimming, on the expression of several peptide messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of adult male rats. Paraventricular nucleus sections were hybridized using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A clear upregulation of neurotensin mRNA was seen after ether and, to a lesser extent, after immobilization stress, whereas after the two other stressors neurotensin mRNA was undetectable, as in control rats. An increase in enkephalin mRNA was observed in a selective region of the dorsal part of the medioparvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus only after ether and immobilization stress. No significant changes were seen in corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in any of the experimental paradigms. The present results show selective changes for various peptide mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus after various types of stress. Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress. This suggests that adaptive changes in the rate of synthesis, processing and transport of the peptide may develop over a longer period of time.

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