scholarly journals Femina Problematis Solvendis – Problem-solving woman: A history of the creativity of women

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 100001
Author(s):  
David H Cropley
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Neoliberal epistemology: From the impossibility of knowing to human capital

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primoz Krasovec
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance

Today?s discussions on education policy mostly consist of uncritical shuffling of allegedly neutral and merely technical or practical notions such as life-long learning, learning to learn or problem-solving and are based on similarly uncritical acceptance of socio-economic theories of the knowledge society, which is supposed to present an objective framework of education reforms. The aim of this article is to sketch the history of mentioned notions and to present a critique of theories of the knowledge society through an analysis of its tacit political content. To this aim, we took upon early neoliberal epistemology (Hayek and Polanyi) as well as its transition towards theories of human capital (Drucker and Machlup).

Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Steven Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

Artificial intelligence is the science of creating intelligent machines. Human intelligence is comprised of numerous pieces of knowledge as well as processes for utilizing this knowledge to solve problems. Artificial intelligence seeks to emulate and surpass human intelligence in problem solving. Current research tends to be focused within narrow, well-defined domains, but new research is looking to expand this to create global intelligence. This chapter seeks to define the various fields that comprise artificial intelligence and look at the history of AI and suggest future research directions.

2. Oil and water

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Gary Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
John Locke ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
History Of

‘Oil and water’ examines two streams of thought which run through the history of education: the progressive and the formal. There are not only different understandings about knowledge and learning held by the protagonists of each position, but also different views about children — who they are and how they develop. For the progressives, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, and John Dewey, education is about supporting the ability to think critically. It should be child-centred and focused on problem solving. For the formalists, it is a process of imparting and acquiring the skills and knowledge necessary for wellbeing and success in life. Teaching is at the heart of this transmission.

Ankle Bones, Rogues, and Sexual Freedom for Women

2011 ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Nigel K.L. Pope ◽  
Kevin E. Voges
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Volume Form ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

In this chapter we review the history of mathematics-based approaches to problem solving. The authors suggest that while the ability of analysts to deal with the extremes of data now available is leading to a new leap in the handling of data analysis, information processing, and control systems, that ability remains grounded in the work of early pioneers of statistical thought. Beginning with pre-history, the paper briefly traces developments in analytical thought to the present day, identifying milestones in this development. The techniques developed in studies of computational intelligence, the applications of which are presented in this volume, form the basis for the next great development in analytical thought.

scholarly journals The International 
General Game Playing Competition

AI Magazine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Genesereth ◽  
Yngvi Björnsson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
General Game Playing ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Class ◽  
General Game

Games have played a prominent role as a test-bed for advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence ever since its foundation over half a century ago, resulting in highly specialized world-class game-playing systems being developed for various games. The establishment of the International General Game Playing Competition in 2005, however, resulted in a renewed interest in more general problem solving approaches to game playing. In general game playing (GGP) the goal is to create game-playing systems that autonomously learn how to skillfully play a wide variety of games, given only the descriptions of the game rules. In this paper we review the history of the competition, discuss progress made so far, and list outstanding research challenges.

Scientific Progress

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bird
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disruptive Change

What constitutes scientific progress? This article considers and evaluates three competing answers to this question. These seek to understand scientific progress in terms of problem-solving, of truthlikeness/verisimilitude, and of knowledge, respectively. How does each fare, taking into consideration the fact that the history of science involves disruptive change, not merely the addition of new beliefs to old beliefs, and the fact that sometimes the history of such changes involves a sequence of theories, all of which are believed to be false, even by scientific realists? The three answers are also evaluated with regard to how they assess certain real and hypothetical scientific changes. Also considered are the three views of the goal of science implicit in the three answers. The view that the goal of science is knowledge and that progress is constituted by the accumulation of knowledge is argued to be preferable to its competitors.

Optimistic Explanatory Style

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Peterson ◽  
Tracy A. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Life

Research has linked optimism to higher levels of subjective well-being, to positive mood and good morale, to perseverance and effective problem solving, to achievement and success in a variety of domains, to popularity, to good physical health, to reduced suicidal ideation, and even to long life and freedom from trauma. In this chapter, we review what is known about one cognate of optimism—“explanatory style,” how people habitually explain the causes of events that occur to them. We trace the history of explanatory style research, focusing on the neglected question of the origins of explanatory style. Finally, we conclude by addressing issues that need to be considered by positive psychologists doing research on explanatory style. Research still focuses too much on negative outcomes, ignoring the premise of positive psychology: What makes life most worth living needs to be examined in its own right.

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