Interaction of water activity, temperature and substrate on mycotoxin production by Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium viridicatum and Fusarium graminearum in irradiated grains

1987 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Cuero ◽  
J.E. Smith ◽  
J. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
Penicillium Viridicatum

Mycotoxin Formation by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum in Irradiated Maize Grains in the Presence of other Fungi

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL CUERO ◽  
JOHN E. SMITH ◽  
JOHN LACEY
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Two Temperatures

Production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 and zearalenone by, respectively, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum was measured when they were cultured alone and in pairs with other filamentous fungi in irradiation-sterilized maize seeds, at three water activities (0.98, 0.95 and 0.90 aw) and two temperatures (25 and 16°C). A. flavus was paired with A. niger, A. oryzae, Penicillium viridicatum and F. graminearum and F. graminearum was paired only with A. flavus. Compared to pure culture, aflatoxin production in mixed fungal cultures was decreased at high water activities but was enhanced when water activity was low (0.90 aw). More aflatoxin was usually produced at 25 than at 16°C. Zearalenone production was markedly decreased at 16°C by the presence of A. flavus but was little affected at 25°C. Zearalenone production in pure cultures of F. graminearum changed little between 25 and 16°C at any aw.

Evaluation of Mycotoxin Production by Two Isolates of Aspergillus Flavus on Illicit Marihuana

1989 ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Krawczeniuk ◽  
Charles E. O’Rear ◽  
Gerald C. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycotoxin Production

Influence of Temperature and Water Activity on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seeds and Meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. KOEHLER ◽  
L. R. BEUCHAT ◽  
M. S. CHHINNAN
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Experiments were done to determine the influence of temperature (21, 30 and 37°C) and aw (0.76 to 0.98) on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds, meal and meal supplemented with onion. Larger quantities of aflatoxin were produced at 21 and 30°C than at 37°C. The highest amount of aflatoxin (2777 μg/20 g, dry weight basis) was observed in meal containing onion at aw 0.98 after 20 d of incubation at 21°C. A level of 870 |μg/20 g was detected in seeds at aw 0.95 after 14 d of incubation at 30°C. Meal at aw 0.96 supported production of 551 μg of aflatoxin per 20 g after 20 d at 30° C. Temperature had little influence on the optimal aw for aflatoxin production in cowpea meal. However, an increase in temperature resulted in a decreased optimal aw for aflatoxin production on whole cowpeas. When known quantities of aflatoxin were added to cowpea meal which was subsequently steamed for 5 min, only 29% was extractable using a variety of procedures, indicating that the toxin may be bound in some manner to cowpea constituents as a result of heat treatment.

scholarly journals Water activity and temperature effects on growth and mycotoxin production byAlternaria alternatastrains isolated from Malbec wine grapes

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Prendes ◽  
V.G.L. Zachetti ◽  
A. Pereyra ◽  
V.I. Morata de Ambrosini ◽  
M.L. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Mycotoxin Production

Genomics of Aspergillus flavus Mycotoxin Production

2014 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Gary A. Payne ◽  
D. Ryan Georgianna ◽  
Jiujiang Yu ◽  
Ken Ehrlich ◽  
Greg Obrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycotoxin Production

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature, Water Activity and Carbon Dioxide on Fungal Growth and Mycotoxin Production of Acclimatised Isolates of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladi Peter Mshelia ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Noor-Azira Abdul Mutalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Co2 Levels

Climate change is primarily manifested by elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and is projected to provide suitable cultivation grounds for pests and pathogens in the otherwise unsuitable regions. The impacts of climate change have been predicted in many parts of the world, which could threaten global food safety and food security. The aim of the present work was therefore to examine the interacting effects of water activity (aw) (0.92, 0.95, 0.98 aw), CO2 (400, 800, 1200 ppm) and temperature (30, 35 °C and 30, 33 °C for Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum, respectively) on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum isolated from maize. To determine fungal growth, the colony diameters were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The mycotoxins produced were quantified using a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. For F. verticillioides, the optimum conditions for growth of fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) were 30 °C + 0.98 aw + 400 ppm CO2. These conditions were also optimum for F. graminearum growth, and zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Since 30 °C and 400 ppm CO2 were the baseline treatments, it was hence concluded that the elevated temperature and CO2 levels tested did not seem to significantly impact fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised Fusarium isolates. To the best of our knowledge thus far, the present work described for the first time the effects of simulated climate change conditions on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum.

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