scholarly journals In Vivo Effects of Drugs that Act on the Autonomic Nervous System on the Rat Urinary Bladder Contraction Accompanying Micturition

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hitoshi KONTANI ◽  
Hiroshi KOBAYASHI ◽  
Yoichi KAWABATA ◽  
Ryozo KOSHIURA
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Bladder Contraction ◽  
In Vivo Effects

In vivo effects of fenoldopam on autonomic nervous system after inhibition or activation of ganglionic transmission

2002 ◽  
Vol 444 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Vernejoul ◽  
Christine Damase-Michel ◽  
Jean-Louis Montastruc ◽  
Marie-Antoinette Tran
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Chronic neural activity recorded within breast tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. McCallum ◽  
Jay Shiralkar ◽  
Diana Suciu ◽  
Gil Covarrubias ◽  
Jennifer S. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Nerve fibers are known to reside within malignant tumors and the greater the neuronal density the worse prognosis for the patient. Recent discoveries using tumor bearing animal models have eluded to the autonomic nervous system having a direct effect on tumor growth and metastasis. We report the first direct and chronic in vivo measurements of neural activity within tumors. Using a triple-negative mammary cancer mouse model and chronic neural interface techniques, we have recorded neural activity directly within the tumor mass while the tumor grows and metastasizes. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between the autonomic nervous system and the tumor and could help uncover the mechanisms of tumor growth and metastasis.

Role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of hyperinsulinemia by high-carbohydrate formula feeding to neonatal rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. E1069-E1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mitrani ◽  
Malathi Srinivasan ◽  
Catherine Dodds ◽  
Mulchand S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
High Carbohydrate

An early dietary intervention in the form of a high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula in neonatal rat pups results in immediate onset of hyperinsulinemia. While increased insulin secretion in HC rats has been shown to be related to hypersensitivity to glucose, the immediate onset of hyperinsulinemia and its persistence throughout the suckling period suggest involvement of multiple systems that enhance insulin secretion in response to increased demand. Evidence presented here in 12-day-old HC rats indicates that altered activity of the autonomic nervous system contributes to enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose stimulation through increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic signaling. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that HC rats secrete significantly higher levels of insulin in response to glucose in the presence of acetylcholine, a cholinergic agonist, while sensitivity to inhibition of insulin secretion by oxymetazoline, an α2a-adrenergic receptor (α2aAR) agonist, was reduced. In addition, HC rats showed increased sensitivity to blockade of cholinergic-induced insulin secretion by the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-methylpiperidine methobromide, as well as increased potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by treatment with yohimbine. Increases in islets levels of M3R, phospholipase C-β1, and protein kinase Cα mRNAs, as well as decreased α2aAR mRNA, in 12-day-old HC rats provide a mechanistic connection to the changes in insulin secretion seen in HC rats. In conclusion, altered autonomic regulation of insulin secretion, due to the HC nutritional intervention, contributes to the development of hyperinsulinemia in 12-day-old HC rats.

scholarly journals Involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the in vivo memory to glucose of pancreatic beta cell in rats.

1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1456-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M N'Guyen ◽  
C Magnan ◽  
M C Laury ◽  
C Thibault ◽  
J Leveteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

scholarly journals Nitric oxide donors can increase heart rate independent of autonomic activation

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Hogan ◽  
Barbara Casadei ◽  
David J. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Chronotropic Effect ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Positive Chronotropic Effect

Administration of nitric oxide (NO) donors in vivo is accompanied by a baroreflex-mediated increase in heart rate (HR). In vitro, however, NO donors can increase HR directly by stimulating a pathway that involves NO, cGMP, and the hyperpolarization-activated current ( I f). The aim of this study was to assess the functional significance of this pathway in vivo by testing whether NO donors can increase HR in the anesthetized rabbit independent of the autonomic nervous system. New Zealand White rabbits were vagotomized, cardiac sympathectomized, and treated with propranolol (0.3 mg/kg iv). The NO donor molsidomine (0.2 mg/kg iv) caused a progressive increase (Δ) in HR (ΔHR, 14 ± 3 beats/min; P < 0.01). This effect was significantly reduced by the I f blocker ZD-7288 (0.2 mg/kg iv; ΔHR, 2 ± 3 beats/min; P = not significant). Similar results were seen with sodium nitroprusside. The positive chronotropic effect of sodium nitroprusside (50 μM) was confirmed in the isolated working rabbit heart preparation (ΔHR, 17 ± 3 beats/min; P < 0.01). In conclusion, NO donors exert a small, but significant, positive chronotropic effect in vivo that is independent of the autonomic nervous system. These results are also consistent with data in sinoatrial node cells that show that NO donors increase HR by stimulating I f.

beta-Adrenergic mechanisms attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during systemic hypoxia in cats

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. H1777-H1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shirai ◽  
T. Shindo ◽  
I. Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Television System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Alveolar Hypoxia

In this study, we examined how locally mediated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is modulated by autonomic nervous system activation during global alveolar hypoxia (GAH) accompanied by systemic hypoxemia. Using an X-ray television system on the in vivo cat lung, we measured changes in the internal diameter (ID) during GAH and regional alveolar hypoxia (RAH) without systemic hypoxemia in identical small pulmonary arteries and veins (100-600 microns ID). We also analyzed the effects of the autonomic nervous system blockade on the hypoxic ID changes. During GAH the ID of the arteries reduced by 5 +/- 1 and 3 +/- 1% with 10 and 5% O2 inhalations, respectively, whereas during RAH the arterial ID reduced by 12 +/- 1 and 18 +/- 1% with 10 and 5% O2 inhalations, respectively. The magnitude of the ID reduction was significantly smaller during GAH than during RAH. After pretreatment with propranolol, however, GAH induced large ID reductions (16 +/- 1 and 23 +/- 1% with 10 and 5% O2 inhalations) with patterns very similar to those seen during RAH. Phentolamine and atropine had no effect on the response during GAH. The ID reductions during RAH, on the other hand, were unaffected by all the blockers. The results indicate that, in the cat, alveolar hypoxia per se acts locally to constrict the small pulmonary vessels and that the hypoxic vasoconstriction is attenuated by a beta-receptor-mediated vasodilator effect during GAH with systemic hypoxemia. In addition, we found that, after adrenalectomy plus ganglion blockade with hexamethonium bromide, the GAH-induced ID reduction with 5% O2 inhalation was enhanced from 3 to 19%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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