Autonomic Nervous System and Diabetes: Histological and Histochemical Study of the Autonomic Nerve Fibers of the Urinary Bladder in Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Faerman ◽  
L. Glocer ◽  
D. Celener ◽  
M. Jadzinsky ◽  
D. Fox ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. McCallum ◽  
Jay Shiralkar ◽  
Diana Suciu ◽  
Gil Covarrubias ◽  
Jennifer S. Yu ◽  
...  

Abstract Nerve fibers are known to reside within malignant tumors and the greater the neuronal density the worse prognosis for the patient. Recent discoveries using tumor bearing animal models have eluded to the autonomic nervous system having a direct effect on tumor growth and metastasis. We report the first direct and chronic in vivo measurements of neural activity within tumors. Using a triple-negative mammary cancer mouse model and chronic neural interface techniques, we have recorded neural activity directly within the tumor mass while the tumor grows and metastasizes. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between the autonomic nervous system and the tumor and could help uncover the mechanisms of tumor growth and metastasis.


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Le Rolle ◽  
Alfredo I. Hernández ◽  
Pierre-Yves Richard ◽  
Guy Carrault

One of the clinical examinations performed to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is the tilt test, which consists in studying the cardiovascular response to the change of a patient's position from a supine to a head-up position. The analysis of heart rate variability signals during tilt tests has been shown to be useful for risk stratification and diagnosis on different pathologies. However, the interpretation of such signals is a difficult task. The application of physiological models to assist the interpretation of these data has already been proposed in the literature, but this requires, as a previous step, the identification of patient-specific model parameters. In this paper, a model-based approach is proposed to reproduce individual heart rate signals acquired during tilt tests. A new physiological model adapted to this problem and coupling the ANS, the cardiovascular system (CVS), and global ventricular mechanics is presented. Evolutionary algorithms are used for the identification of patient-specific parameters in order to reproduce heart rate signals obtained during tilt tests performed on eight healthy subjects and eight diabetic patients. The proposed approach is able to reproduce the main components of the observed heart rate signals and represents a first step toward a model-based interpretation of these signals.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
DB Karki ◽  
S Acharya ◽  
P Shrestha ◽  
S Pant ◽  
A Pokhrel ◽  
...  

Introduction: Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is common in diabetic patients. Presence of autonomic dysfunction should alert the physicians of its serious consequences that require timely preventive measures. Objectives: This study was done to fi nd out the autonomic nervous system involvement in Type 2 diabetic patients and to see its relation with the duration of diabetes. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. All consecutive diabetic patients of both genders attending Kathmandu Medical College and a private clinic, Temple of Healing were included. A battery of six well validated and accepted autonomic nervous system evaluation tests were done to evaluate the autonomic function in 245 Type 2 diabetic patients. Results: Prevalence of autonomic dysfunction was found to be 71.02% with 58.78% patients having mild autonomic dysfunction and 12.24% having moderate dysfunction. Severe autonomic dysfunction was detected in none of the patients. Parasympathetic dysfunction was much more common than sympathetic dysfunction (68.16% vs. 17.96%). No association was found between autonomic dysfunction and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction is very common in diabetics and can be detected by simple tests. Timely detection of autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients is advised so that its preventive measures can be effective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8142 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct.-Dec., 2012: 77-83


1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Rubenstein

The last 20 years have seen an explosion in our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system and our ability to manipulate its parasympathetic and sympathetic portions pharmacologically to achieve therapeutic goals. This article will briefly review the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system, with particular focus on the sympathetic branch. Included in the review is a discussion of the major receptors of the sympathetic system, concentrating on their intracellular mechanism of action, their effects on major target organ systems, and some commonly used pharmacologic agents that influence these organ systems through their actions on sympathetic receptors. Structure and Function of the System The autonomic (or involuntary) nervous system innervates the heart, visceral organs, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. It can be divided functionally into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, which have opposing functions. All autonomic nerve pathways consist of two nerves in sequence. Presynaptic nerves begin in the central nervous system and transmit impulses to the postsynaptic nerves. Postsynaptic nerves then carry impulses to the effector organ. Actions of the parasympathetic nervous system include bradycardia, vasodilation in skeletal muscle and skin, contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, increased gastrointestinal motility, pupillary miosis, and contraction of the bladder detrusor coupled with relaxation of the bladder trigone (necessary for spontaneous voiding).


1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J Collins

Autonomic disorders in old age can be attributed to several main features associated with aging: the intrinsic neurobiological changes that occur with age, degenerative changes in effector organs innervated by autonomic nerves, and secondary involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in disease processes. As in most areas of clinical geriatrics, the distinction between disorders ascribed to ‘normal’ aging and those attributable to diseases of old age is difficult to make with any degree of certainty. Neurobiological changes with age have become the subject of intense investigation in recent years, with improvements in techniques for assessing autonomic nerve structure and function. This has included a better understanding of neurotransmitter and receptor transformations during development and aging. The versatility of the ANS, or ‘plasticity’, involves interactions with target organs, e.g. via nerve growth factor (NGF) and with other neurons, and it is as vital to the mature and aging autonomic neuron as it is during development. Some neurotrophic features of aging in the ANS and in disease processes in old age are considered in this paper.


1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
C.F. Hacker

Summary1. A connection is found between Hahnemann's conception of Vital Force and that of Cannon's “homœostasis”, which is maintained by the autonomic nervous system.2. Vital Force is traced to source in the embryo as it builds its body. It is seen laying down the “dynamic determination” on the multiplying tissue cells, and operating from the central mesodermal column, the notochord, to induct the Individuation Field of the elongating gastrula and differentiating neurula.3. A vital link between the notochord and the diencephalic centres isemphasized.4. The period of functional development sees the embryonic strugglebetween the autonomic system and the gene award. Such conflict is causative of defective autonomic balance, and the results have been noted by Hahnemann as the miasma, the psora, the sycoses.5. The thalamus, as the seat of sensory consciousness receiving both visceral and somatic sensory impulses transmits the sensory tone of the underlying autonomic fluster to the cerebral cortex for cognition. Such cognition is reported as symptoms, “I. …, My …”, thus giving the homœopathic picture of the “abnormally disturbed Vital Force”.6. The factors required in the blood's biochemical changes to maintain constant its pH level are given. The varying balance of the NaHCO3/H2CO3 content and Ca/K ratio may be related to Schuessler's “tissue remedies”.7. Such acid-base equilibrium is dependent on the autonomic functioning, which if impaired in the embryonic conflict is causative of allergy.8. Investigation of allergic factors produces an interesting formula ofhomœopathic significance, that shows the selected homœopathic remedy to be the catalyst key which declutches the autonomic imbalance.9. The varying bioelectric potential across the autonomic nerve gangliabetween diencephalic centres and fluid matrix brings about their functional activity and depression.10. A plea is made for a biochemical test of autonomic functioning.The autonomic nervous system is the meeting-ground of the homœopathicand allopathic divisions of medicine.If the disease process is acute or prolonged without permitting adequate intervals of functional rest to enable regrowth of its essential chromatin store, neurone degeneration follows. Such changes are not related to any specific bacterial action, but result from continuous functioning to exhaustion.The initial build-up of the autonomic path in reaction-response to externalstimuli is the essential basis of the individual's “modalities”.


Author(s):  
Tolga Aksu ◽  
Dhiraj Gupta

Demonstration that the myocardial sleeves of the pulmonary veins (PVs) are the main triggering and maintaining foci for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) have stimulated studies investigating electrophysiological properties of PVs and the adjacent left atrial (LA) myocardium. It has been shown that PV myocytes have a shorter action potential duration and are more prone to effects of local autonomic nerve stimulation in terms of shortening of action potential duration, early after depolarization formation and triggered firing compared to left atrial myocytes (1). The intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ICANS) forms clusters of neurons called ganglionic plexi (GPs), and studies using histologic examination of heart sections have shown that these GPs are localized preferentially at certain epicardial sites adjacent to the left and right atria (2). The precise role of ICANS in AF continues to be an area of intense research (3), and matters are not helped by the uncertainty regarding the best way to identify and target ICANS peri-procedurally. As there can be significant variability of GP sites in individual patients, endocardial high-frequency stimulation (HFS) has been used to aid their localization in the electrophysiology laboratory (4).


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